The Use Of Geographic Information Systems Method For The Study Of Spatial-temporal Changes Of Landscapes Nizhnevartovsk Region Of Russia

Three major levels of human impact on nature are local, regional and global.Nowadays they are weaved in common tangle of problems. Usually the main causes ofthe current situation figure unreasonable human intervention in the dynamics ofgeosystems, breach of principles interaction with them. No less important reasons arelack of knowledge, cognition, and science of the laws themselves, determining thedynamics and functioning of natural geosystems, especially their interaction with humansociety.For solution issues of rational environmental use is necessary to determine in whichdirection, how fast and how specific the properties of the landscape change in space andin time.This problem is known to be complicated by the fact that the landscapes in theirnatural progression subject to significant changes in the economic activities of humanbeing.Knowledge of the mechanism of interactions between components of the landscape,the landscape and the environment, mode of functioning and dynamics allow to give anaccurate forecast for the development and behavior of the landscape in certaincircumstances, justify the scientific view of land use, to provide measures of natureprotection, determine the maximum allowable loads on the landscape.Currently dynamics of landscapes becomes central and most urgent problemthroughout the geography. Creating a deep theory of interaction processes determiningnormal existence geosystems as whole organisms, limits their viability in a changingenvironment, it has become one of the fundamental problem, which acquired the keenestpractical importance. This problem has an ecological orientation, as clarified multiplemechanisms of interaction of geosystems and their environment in order to learn tocontrol the flow of natural reactions and processes. Knowledge of these issues allows usto solve the problem of predicting geosystems, it means science-based prediction andpredict the behavior of geosystems, their dynamic patterns and evolutionary trends. Insufficient consideration of the specifics of the natural, protective features oflandscapes, their resilience to human impact, also resource and landscape potential,determined the development in the Nizhnevartovsk region of extensive natural resourceuse, exacerbation of environmental emergencies. High anthropogenic impacts on thenatural environment of past years, changes of the landscape complexes in large areas ofmajor oilfield areas led to the degradation of natural systems and to the formation ofnatural-anthropogenic landscapes.Researches of vegetation flood plains are important for the development of measuresfor the rational use of integrated river meadows, highlight genetic reserves, wildlifesanctuary and evaluation of the renewable process in different types of forestcommunities.Relevance of the study determined the need to obtain fixed landscape cartographyinformation necessary to ensure environmentally sound development in Nizhnevartovskarea that has hard anthropogenic pressure.In1973to2010years, landscapes of the study area had endured big changes. Inparticular, forest landscapes have undergone the biggest changes in the spatial structure.Human activity plays a key role in changing of ecosystem. First and foremost to changingof the landscape affected the rapid development of industrial areas, the building of cities,roads and communications. Industrial specialization developed on the study area thatbased on oil and gas extraction, and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems of industrialcomplex largely determined the current state of the Nizhnevartovsk region environment.Constructed sketch map using contemporary GIS technologies and materials allowset research into not only regularity of formation of the ecological potential in the studyarea, but they are also the basis of objective information in evaluation status andsteadiness of ecosystems in each landscape area for optimization natural resource use.