The Comparative Analysis On Mitogenome Of Pamphagidae

The studies on mtDNAhave greatly contributed to the genomic structure, function andevolutionary researches. Here, the complete mitochondrial genomes of Sulcotropis cyanipesand Haplotrop brunneriana were determined by using PCR and Clone sequencing. Thestructure, nucleotides conposition, genes arrangement, synonymous codons usage bias etc ofSulcotropis cyanipes and Haplotrop brunneriana genomes were analyzed with thebioinformatics softwares in detail. In addition, using NJ,MLand Bayes methods, thephylogenetic relationship of10species of Pamphagidae,8of which downloaded fromGenBank, was reconstructed by concatenated13PCGs. The conclusions were showed asfollows:1. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Sulcotropis cyanipes and Haplotropbrunneriana are15666bp and15662bp. All genome contents consist of the13protein-codinggenes,2rRNA genes,22tRNA genes, and an A+T-rich region localized between rrnS andtrnI.2. The base disparity in the Sulcotropis cyanipes and Haplotrop brunnerianamitochondrial genomes are seriously, the content of AT is72.0%,72.3%, respectively. Whilethe rRNA genes are both72.9%, the content of the tRNA is69.9%,69.5%, separately. TheAT content of A+T-rich region is the highest, which is80.8%in Sulcotropis cyanipes and80.9%in Haplotrop brunneriana.3. The arrangements of Sulcotropis cyanipes and Haplotrop brunneriana mitochondrialgenomes are very tight, but they also have some overlaps and intergenic spacers. BothSulcotropis cyanipes and Haplotrop brunneriana mitochondrial genomes have4overlaps,which are23bp in size. And a total of102bp intergenic spacer sequenced are scattered in19regions in Sulcotropis cyanipes, while in Haplotrop brunneriana the intergenic spacers arescattered in17regions,97bp in length.4. The average content of AT in the mtDNA is71.8%among the10species ofPamphagidae. In the PCGs is71.3%, the rRNA is72.4%, the tRNA is69.6%, the AT-richregion is as high as81.3%. 5. The AT skew rates are positive and the GC skew rates are negative in the10speciesof Pamphagidae. It shows that the majority strands of the10species favor Aand C.6. The biggest overlaps of the10species, which are8bp in length, occurred betweentrnW and trnC. The longest inergenic spacer locates between trnS(UCN)-nad1with the26bpin size, except Tuarega ouarzazatensis, which is25bp.7. The gene of COI, ND1and COIII are highly conserved in the13PCGs of the10species of Pamphagidae. And the ND3is lower relatively. The conservative of the16srRNAis up to84%, and the12srRNA is81.5%.8. All the protein-coding sequences start with a typical ATN codon except for cox1(CCG) and the nad6(GTG) genes of Filchnerella helanshanensis, Pseudotmethisrubimarginis, and Filchnerella beicki. The termination codon (TAA) was found in the gene ofatp8, atp6, cox3, nad4L, nad6. And the gene of nad2, nad1used TAG as stop codons.However, the cox1, nad3, and nad5had incomplete termination codon (T).9. The phylogenetic tree of the23species of Pamphagidae was reconstructed based ontheir13PCGs with the NJ, ML and Bayes methods. We find that10of the23speciesclustered together as a clade located on the top of the phylogenetic tree. The Sulcotropiscyanipes, Haplotropis brunneriana, and Humphaplotropls culaishanensis were sister groupbelong to the Pamphaginae, while the Asiotmethis zacharjini, Filchnerella helanshanensis,Pseudotmethis rubimarginis, Filchnerella beicki, and Asiotmethis jubatus were another sistergroup belong to Prionotropisinae. The second clade was consist of the Oedipodidae,Catantopidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae, and Acrididae located in the middle of themonophyly of Acridoidea. while the Gomphoceridae and the Arcypteridae were sister group,also the Chrotogonidae and the Pyrgomorphidae formed another one clade located in the rootof the tree.