The Complete Mitochondrial Genome Of Haplotropis Brunneriana And Arthropoda Phylogenetic Analysis Based On Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangements

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Haplotropis brunneriana with a novelty sequencing strategy. The entire mitochondrial genome was amplified in 2 large segments using long PCR technique, and the long PCR products were subsequently used as templates for Sub-PCR. We used Sub-PCR products directly sequencing and PCR products clone sequencing strategy. This strategy may guarantee all sequencing results belong to mitochondrial genome and eliminate the influence of numt when directly using genomic DNA as template for PCR. Characteristics of mitochondrial genome of H. brunneriana are summarized as following:1. Mitochondrial genome of H. brunneriana is a closed-circular molecule. This mtDNA is 15648bp in length included the same 37 genes and a 749bp(A+T)rich region as found in other Arthropoda. Besides(A+T) rich region there is only 105bp intergenic spacer, and 37bp overlap between seven genes pairs. The orientation and order are identical to the hypothesized ancestral arthropod arrangement found in several insect orders such as Drosophila melanogaster except for two tRNA (K, D), which is same as in L.migratoria.2. The overall(A+T)composition in H. brunneriana mtDNA shows obvious bias, being 72.20%. The (A+T)rich region have extreme(A+T)bias is 80.77%. The (A+T) composition at the third codon position of protein-coding genes is higher than that of the first and second codon position. In all of 13 protein-coding genes, COIII and CO I have lower(A+T)composition, but(A+T)bias is strongest in ND6 and ATP8 gene. On the other hand, the two strands of H. brunneriana mtDNA have significantly different nucleotide compositions. The H strand has more C and A, while L strand has more G and T.3. The nucleotide bias correlates with the biases in amino acid content and synonymous codon usage pattern of the protein-coding genes. The total number of codons in the H.brunneriana protein-coding genes was 3717, exclude termination codons in each gene. Codons with T, A in the third position are generally strongly...