Research And Design Of Energy-efficient Clustering Routing Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) combines of sensor, computing and communication technology, and can be used for sensing, testing, collecting and processing information or monitored objects. A link is estabilished between our perception of the physical world and the logic world through WSN.The applications of WSN has caused many countries in the world of the military departments, industry and academia extensive attention. Because of the tremendous value, it has been widely used in military, industrial process control, national secutity, environmental monitoring and other fields.WSN consists of a large number of small sensors with low-power transceiver. Since a network consists of sensors with limited battery energy, the method for data gathering and routing must be energy efficient in order to prolong the lifetime of the network.Begining with this basic idea, we analyzed and compared some routing protocols that were propose by oversea researchers, and then present the Load Characteristics based cluster head renewing method and the RSSI based Gradient Clustering (RGC) algorithm.The scheme of Load Characteristics based cluster head renewing, which exploits node load to quantify transmission times of nodes in process of cluster running, aims at reducing communication times of nodes during cluster head renewing to overcome the some drawbacks in existing schemes of cluster head selection, such as complication of communication process, high energy cost, etc. According to the energy cost analysis of nodes, the scheme proposed in this paper implements the function that the current cluster head selects the lowest energy cost node as the next cluster head autonomously based on the communication load characteristics of intra-cluster nodes, to minimize the amount of communication of nodes during cluster head renewing, reduce renew complexity and energy cost, and prolong the life time of the whole networks.The RGC algorithm designed for Wireless Sensor Network resolves the problem of load unbalance of nodes in consideration for the specific mode of data collection in Wireless Sensor Network. This algorithm builds gradient zone by exploiting BS to broadcast uniformly, and each node constructs gradient in assigned zone to form gradation structure by RSSI of received messages. The construction of gradient routing tree is based on two different grounds: cluster heads with the same gradient or not, and the cluster head renew based on load characteristics reduces nodes communication, algorithm complexity and system energy cost.In the end, the algorithm proposed in the paper is simulated by NS-2 simulator. The results of simulation shows that the scheme of Load Characteristics based cluster head renewing and the RSSI-based gradient clustering algorithm are capable of reducing nodes communication and system energy cost effectively. The performance of prolonging network life and improving data accuracy is optimized obviously.