The Research Of Routing Protocols For Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Data Aggregation

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which integrates the technologies of sensor, wireless communication, micro-electro-mechanism system (MEMS) and distributed computing, is a new way to collect and process information. WSN can monitor in real time, sense and collect the information of the different environments or the objects through various types of integrated micro-sensors collaboration. As a result of the great prospects in the applications of circumstance observation, military affairs and health care, etc., WSN has been paid attention by many countries around the world in the military field, academia and industry。Designing routing protocols of wireless sensor networks are the main research work of this paper. Since the processing, storage, communication capacities and energy resources of WSN are limited, the primary goal of routing algorithm is to minimize the total transmit energy and to extend the network lifetime. The main research work includes the following aspects:Firstly, based on analysis of the existing routing protocols for WSN, this essay especially focuses on the routing protocol—LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy).Secondly, this paper proposed an improved clustering routing protocol LPEA based on LEACH. In LPEA, each node decides whether or not to become a cluster head for the current round according to current energy and the average energy of the network. It utilizes the Prim algorithm in the Graph Theory to form tree routing among cluster-head nodes, and selects the cluster-head with the largest Pe d as root node. The cluster heads send data to the root node in a multi-hop manner and the root node then sends the gathered data by the whole network to the base station. The algorithms are simulated by MATLAB platform. Simulation results show that compared with LEACH, the improved algorithm can reduce energy consumption and prolong lifetime of the network.Finally, In consideration of the application of wild animals'monitoring, we proposed an improved scheme PEZCA (Power-Efficient Zoning Clustering Algorithm) which is based on the classical LEACH and PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems). In PEZCA, taking the base station as the center, the target area is divided into multiple fan-shaped regions. And the clusters closer to the base station have smaller sizes than those farther away from the base station, thus cluster heads closer to the base station can preserve more energy for inter-cluster data transmission. In addition, the cluster heads in the same region aggregate the data packets and send them via multi-hop routing to the base station. Simulation results show that, the PEZCA can balance the energy Consumption among nodes well and prolong the lifetime of the network effectively. And all of these can fully meet the needs of wild animals monitoring.