| Earthquake disaster is one of the major natural disasters that the world faces. It often causes heavy casualties and economic losses with the characters of suddenness, unresisting and cannot be avoided. On May 12, 2008, China's Sichuan Wenchuan's 8.0 earthquake took place, its influence was felt in more than half of China and the direct and serious disaster-stricken areas were about 10 million square kilometers, it has caused a large number of casualties and property losses too. Behind the earthquake, an immeasurable loss is being. So, this paper works based on the potential harm caused by the earthquake and focuses on the following four aspects:(1) Earthquake caused structural damages to many buildings, such as dams, plants and so on. Someone has existed only surface cracks, but their cracks may expand or create new ones by some reasons. So, there is a big security risk to people and it increases assessment of the difficulty of the investigation for the earthquake disaster.(2) Earthquake areas are located in mountainous and the lands are so complex and the secondary geological disasters, which induced by the earthquake and the strong aftershocks, are very severe. Once the potential landslides or the debris flow break out, it will cause two-hit to disaster areas and always pose a threat to people in the disaster areas and the reconstruction project.(3) Earthquake brought about a certain degree of impact on the production plant and some important nuclear facilities of the China's nuclear industry production company, especially on the underground nuclear waste landfill tank for disposal. If the pressure from the outside world is big enough, it will make the tank rupture and the nuclear waste leak out, and a nuclear safety incident will be exploded.(4) There are many nuclear sources for work in the earthquake-stricken area. The devices for storage may be destroyed by the earthquake and in the long period of the aftershock, the device may fall down and the radioactive sources will give threaten to the staff's safety.How to develop the long-term monitoring and early-warning for the buildings and facilities which were mildly damaged or unable to define the level of the destruction? How to develop the long-term monitoring and early-warning for the potential secondary geological disasters such as the landslides, the debris flows and so on? How to monitor the underground nuclear waste landfill tank? How to develop the long-term monitoring and early-warning for the radioactive sources? All aboves have to be solved urgently.In fact, be similar to the earthquake, the occurrence of the earthquake secondary disasters are accompanied by a variety of abnormalities in the development period, such as the relative displacement changes between two reference points, inclination changes and the force change of one point on the construction. Whether can we develop an equipment to detect and apperceive these anomalies, and give an alarm to the public based on the detect results or not? To this end, this paper was completed the following tasks:(1) The monitoring and early-warning methods have been studied. The post-earthquake comprehensive monitoring equipment based on the angle, displacement, pressure, andγ-radiation measurement is developed. It uses the angle and displacement sensors to monitor the large-scale facilities, uses the angle, displacement and pressure sensors to monitor the secondary geological disasters such as landslides, uses pressure sensors to monitor the extrusion statement of the nuclear waste disposal tank and uses theγradiation detector to monitor the security situation of the radioactive sources. Furthermore, through the ad hoc sensor networks, the abnormal informations of the monitoring objects have been collected and the terminal real-time monitoring and early-warning system has been established.(2) The abnormal information collection nodes have been developed. The hardware and software of them are designed which are based on the angle, displacement, pressure, andγradiation measurement. High-precision dual-axis inclination angle sensor SCA100T, hall sensor for surface cracks A3144, the large range displacement sensor KPC-700 , the Honeywell pressure sensor FSG-15N1A and the Geiger counter J4401 have been choosen to collect the abnormal information.(3) The data transmission networks for monitoring system have been set up. With the characteristics of practical application, a comprehensive system of data transmission is formatted which is based on Wireless and Wired. With the near filed communication network, the Host manages several abnormal information collection nodes comfortablely and with the wired network, the terminal monitoring system manages the Hosts by RS485 cable. So a distributed data monitoring network is formed. Wireless pattern is good for people to install the sensor nodes flexiblely and easily, and wire pattern is convenient for long-distance data transmission.(4) The terminal monitoring Host and the terminal monitoring software have been designed. The Host is composed of man-machine interface (including LCD and keyboard), wireless transmission interface, RS485 interface and the sound and light alarm cores. The terminal monitoring software displays the current value of the abnormal information instantaneously and dynamically, and draws curve chart and provides the function of terminal alarm threshold settings and alarm.The innovations are as followings:(1) This paper is in close connection with the earthquake particular incident, and by using the professional technical, it develops a comprehensive post-earthquake information monitoring system so as to collect first-hand information for reduction of disaster by science and technology methods, these are highly realistic and practical.(2) The paper combines the angle, displacement, and pressure andγradiation measurements technical together to develop the safety monitoring systems for China's nuclear industry, which have not be seen in the related reports at home and abroad. This technical is a kind of integrated innovation.(3) The above research achievements have established the basis of the large-scale security monitoring systems and some of the above research could be applied not only to geological disasters early-warning but also to the facilities and the environmental monitoring. This technical has some scientific values. |
PDF Full Text Request