| Now,in the filed of technology, the info-technology contains three leading parts: the computer technology, the electronic technology and the transmission technology. The sensor technology is one important part which is closely related to the above three technology. With the development of info-technology and the needs of accuracy which are required in many field of technology , there is also some contemporary development in the exploring of the sensor。In the system of measurement or control ,people pay more and more attention to the MCU and apply it to the practice。While the capacity of these system get strengthen,the sensor which is respondent for the assignment of whole system's information collecting is also much more important than before. It is just because of its importance, sensor becomes a key component of the automotive system or the electronic technology, in other way to say , it is an absolutely necessarily structural part to the whole system . MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) includes the sensing of the information,data's analyzing and calculating, the mission's executing. In some way,MEMS is a high-tech product, as it is integrated with the merits of electronic and mechanic .Because it can contemporarily progress chemic and electronic processes,it can contemporarily administer different functions of physical , chemic ,or biologic。It is a system embedded into the CMOS chip,a final integration of science and technology. The combination of the sensor and the technology of MEMS makes the senor intelligentized,The intelligentized sensor ,which is familiar to most of us, can detect the signal of the object ,while judging and identifying the object. This merit of the intelligentized sensor is one which the traditional sensor hardly compare with. In general, the intelligentized sensor has several characters, such as:(1) the intelligentized sensor can collect data actively, and then make some disposals ahead of the schedule to the collected data in order to delete the exceptional data, providing rather actual data than the traditional sensor.(2) the intelligentized sensor has the function of disposing to the signal.(3) the intelligentized sensor can adjust itself to the level of zero or the especial environment.(4)theintelligentized sensor has the function of intercommunication and controlling the deferent signal.(5) the intelligentized sensor has , in some degree, the function of preservation and diagnoses for itself.1. Investigative purpose in this dissertationInclinometer is a instrument which is always used to measure the gradient of the object. Now, there is a big need for Inclinometer in the market of technical. Inclinometer has been widely applied to the engineering aspect, such as the detecting in construction or the installation of the instruments. It also can be used in the adjusting of level, controlling of safety, etc. In the market of technical, there are many kinds of Inclinometer whose prize is inexpensive, however their precision is comparatively low. The kind of inclinometer with high precision is merely, and its prize is always very costly. So it is very feasible to design a digital inclinometer with high precision and low prize, as there are so much demand for it in the technology market. Considering this reason, the research in this dissertation is the design of a inclinometer with two axes in the basics of the technology of AVR .2. Main research workIn this dissertation, we start with the analyst to the system structure and theory of the digital inclinometer, making clear the need of the designment and the required precision, then bring forward an unitary blue print about the designment of hardware and software as well as detailedly describing the whole process of designment of inclinometer.This digital inclinometer uses ATmega16 as processor, making designment of the circuit in hardware according to it. The sensor chip-SCA103T- Produced from the company of VTI of Finland, is used as sense organ in the digital inclinometer. It can obtain the useful messages, and send them to the relevant A/D converter or the I/O card. The data which throng disposal would be printed in the screen of PC with the help of serial interfaces of RS232. The final work is to debug the hard/soft-ware system, and adjust the digital inclinometer.The dissertation consists of seven chapters. The main research work of it is as the follows:(1) The evolution status of inclinometer in home or abroad and the characteristics of typical kinds of automated inclinometer are introduced. Then describe the research contents and the main parts of this dissertation.(2) Unitary blue print about the designment of the digital inclinometer. The basics process theory of angle measurement and the application of the technology of MEMS are introduced. As to SCA103T, there are particular instruction about its material functions, setting of parameter, and structure of its interior. According to the process theory of SCA103T and the principle of miniaturization in designing and high precision, put forward the blue print of the digital inclinometer. For example: separate the Analog circuit from the digital circuit, set up the mode of two axises (X axis and Y axis)in the form of verticality to each other by using two sensor chip- SCA103T,adopt analog signal of SCA103T as angle signal.(3) The hardware designment of digital inclinometer. According to the modularization of the inclinometer, the sensor organ, a Second-order Low-pass Filter,the translation between analog signal and digital signal, ATmega16, the I/O circuit are introduced.(4) The software designment of digital inclinometer. The software system mainly includes the mode of data process, the designment of adjust system and the compiling of the controlling program. Because there are some protocol between different serial interfaces, such as SPI,I2C,RS232, which are related to the data transmission of the inclinometer, the design for the subsystem should be complete under their restriction.(5) The arithmetic designment of the digital inclinometer. As the demand of the designment, the data processes carry through the ATmega16. The limited capacity of the digital inclinometer is the main reason why it can not compare with the PC which is adept in the aspect of computing, so during the arithmetic designment of the digital inclinometer, beside according with the requirement of precision, the simplification of the arithmetic is very important, only in this way can we ensure that the run of the inclinometer's system is normal. Never a inclinometer can be launched into use without adjusting, an eminent adjusting arithmetic can help easy the process of the adjusting, promoting the efficiency of production in the practice(6) The adjusting process of the digital inclinometer. The first step is to adjust the hardware circuit, then check whether the system is working normally, the last step to finish the whole process is to adjust the software designment according to the error analyst of the digital inclinometer. After the adjusting process, we should check whether the precision and the stability reach the required standard with the help of taking an actual measurement.3. ConclusionThe hardware structure of this inclinometer's system is cabinet, and the precision of this instrument is high, the running process is stability, the manipulate is very simple, people can easily read out the data of the angle. If you want to use more than one digital inclinometer to use simultaneously, the bus protocol which is very popular nowadays can help the data's transmission and display. However this application in actual is not so perfect, there are so many left in this aspect for us to make deep research. |
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