Research And Implementation Of Routing Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Network

Advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS) technologies, embedded computing technologies and wireless communication technologies have enabled the development of relatively inexpensive and low-power-consumption micro sensors with the capability of sensing, computing and communicating. Composed of a large number of these sensor nodes, a Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) can be used for detecting, collecting and analysing the information of complex enviroments in real time. It has a wide range of applications in military communication, environment monitoring, traffic control, personal health monitoring, home networking, etc.Because WSN's nodes have the constraints, such as low energy, little memory, low ability of computing, research of routing algorithm become the one of hotspots in WSN. This paper analyzes and compares some representive routing algorithm, and design a Ant Colony-based Routing Optimization algorithm(ARO). The routing solution aims to resolving the problem that exists in the communication model of many sensor nodes transimiting packets to the sink node in WSN. ARO utilizes the characteristic of positive feedback and distributed collaboration in Ant Colony algorithm, makes hops to sink node and link quality form the pheromone, and makes available energy as heuristic information, seeks and optimizes the route from sensor nodes to sink node by simulating action of ants seeking path.This paper provides the design of ARO algorithm and the implementation of routing program in TinyOS softwate platform, and makes the performance balance of ARO and LEPS aiming at different node numbers in TOSSIM emluator. The result shows that ARO improves the route reliability, to some extent balances the energy consumption on nodes, prolongs the lifetime of WSNs and behaves more efficiently in data collecting tasks.