On The Routing Protocols In WSNs

With the development of wireless communications, electronic sensing technology , wireless sensor networks(WSNs) has attracted widespread attention.Wireless sensor networks is a wireless network where there is no basic infrastructure. It combines sensor technology, embedded computing technology, distributed information processing technology and wireless communication technology, to collaborate in real-time monitoring, sensing and acquisition of the regional network of environmental monitoring or targeting information and processing these data into accurate information, and to transmit the information to the needs of these users. Wireless sensor networks generally has large-scale, self-organization, random deployment, complex environment, the sensor nodes limited resources, the frequent changes in network topology characteristics. Wireless sensor networks has different characteristics from the traditional network, and highly correlates with the application. Traditional routing protocol can not be effectively used in wireless sensor networks, which has a large number of people on wireless sensor networks routing protocols.Firstly this paper first gives wireless sensor networks a brief introduction, describes the sensor network architecture and main features and expounds the distinction between the existing wireless network and wireless sensor networks, restrictions wireless sensor networks. Then we focus on wireless sensor networks routing algorithm based on different technologies. Among the routing protocols on the current research, we select the more important routing protocol and its core routing mechanism, characteristics and advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. We also introduce an energy-efficient topology protocol based on geographic location for wireless sensor networks (GLE), which reduces energy consumption. GLE conserves energy by identifying nodes that are equivalent from a routing perspective and the turning off unnecessary odes, keeping a constant level of routing fidelity. Estimation of GLE suggests that networks lifetime increases proportionally to node density. We also establish a spanning tree by the residual energy of the nodes that are equivalent from a routing perspective. GLE balances the energy use and extends the lifetime of the networks efficiently. Finally a multi-path routing algorithm in wireless sensor networks based on QoS is proposed with a multi-path Way-finding mechanism and a new load balancing technology The introduction of multi-path routing is to increase the reliability of data transmissions and network load balancing, in the paths between the various candidates under the proportional distribution coefficient balanced communication flow, a better balanced load.By analysis of routing algorithm, we can see the future about WSNs routing protocol used on certain strategies and development trends: reducing traffic to conserve energy; maintaining traffic load balancing; being fault-tolerant routing protocol. The agreement should have security mechanism. WSNs routing protocol based on the data and the location will continue.