| A Smart Antenna belongs to the area of Spatial Division Multiple Access Technique. By weighting the amplitude and the phase, it makes the main beam aiming at the coming direction of reference user and the side lobe pointing to the coming direction of disturbing signal. So it can improve the capability of communication channels, and increase the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR).Firstly the theory, the configuration, and the application of the smart antenna are presented in this paper. On the basic of the given knowledge, the beamforming algorithm used in smart antenna is discussed .The concepts of two typical adaptive algorithms and the comparison of them is given. And then, the mutual coupling effects between the base-station antennas are analyzed accurately. And the analyzing model of mutual coupling is presented. The simulation of the antennas performance with and without the mutual coupling is given, which proves the negative effect of mutual coupling on beamforming and the interference suppression. Finally, we study the effect of frequency variance on beamforming, and the simulation results demonstrated the improvement of frequency characteristic of the antenna array. |
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