A geographic information system (GIS) is a system for managing spatial data and associated attributes. In the strictest sense, it is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, editing, analyzing, and displaying geographically-referenced information. With more advanced computers and networks, GIS applications are now increasingly widespread. As time goes by, the route network of our daily traffic becomes more and more complicated. As a result, traditional one-layered maps were no longer capable for processing such complex information. Therefore, most advanced electronic maps adopted multi-layered approach. However, it is noteworthy that most of the shortest path algorithms are still based on one-layered maps or networks, which leads to low efficiency of these algorithms when routing between two nodes separated with long distance. In addition, these algorithms can not process the modern maps based on layered model either. |