Tracking And Investigation For Quantum Cryptography

Cryptology is the kernel technology in the field of information security, it has extensive commercial prospect in many fields. Quantum cryptology is one of the nearest study tasks in cryptology technology, its development do active promotion to the progress of cryptology theory. Quantum cryptology is a new method for secret communications. Compared to the classical cryptography, the greatest advantages of quantum cryptography are provable security and detectives; this is because the security of quantum cryptography is ensured by quantum no-cloning and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle that instead of relying on some complex mathematical problems. Many researches on quantum communication have been done both in theory and experiment since the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol in 1984.In this paper, we firstly introduce the principle of the quantum mechanics and describe the recent research progress and the theory research of quantum cryptography, include quantum key distribution(QKD),quantum authentication,quantum signature,quantum secret sharing(QSS),quantum encryption,quantum secret communications systems and some theory in quantum cryptanalysis.Finally,we introduce our research results in quantum signature and certification. In the field of quantum digital signature, we investigated and presented a (t,w) quantum threshold signature scheme, that is based on quantum one-way function and Shamir threshold scheme. The security of scheme relies on the existence of quantum one-way functions, the authenticity of the quantum information is guaranteed by quantum error correction codes and security of the quantum information on channel is ensured by quantum one-time pad. This scheme is signature and validation on known quantum states. we investigated quantum entanglement and presented a signature scheme ,that is based on quantum teleportation with EPR states and without the trusted third party. This scheme is signature and validation on quantum bits string and unknown entangled state. The security of scheme relies on EPR states and quantum one-time pad.We investigated quantum authentication scheme and presented a message authentication scheme, which is based on shared quantum EPR entangled states. This scheme is an authentication on classical bits string and combine with quantum stabilizer codes complete authentication to quantum message. The security of scheme relies on the correlation of EPR states, the authenticity of the quantum information is guaranteed by quantum stabilizer codes and security of the quantum information on channel is ensured by quantum one-time pad.