Study On Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of wireless communication network composed by a large number of sensor nodes, which aims to sense,collect and process the data information in the network field. Wireless sensor network has got widespread concern in the military,industry agriculture,environment and other fields because of its great prospects. Since the application environments of wireless sensor network are hard and the sensor nodes'energy is limited, it is improtant to perform an energy-efficient protocol in wireless sensor networks.In this paper, we introduce the wireless sensor network routing protocol's research status and application requirements. Focusing on the most current typical cluster routing protocol, we analyze their advantages and disadvantages on three points of a starting point, the production of the cluster head, the formation of clusters formation and the formation of routing algorithm.Consider the problem that the sensor nodes'energy are limited and the nodes in wireless sensor networks are redundant , we have analysed three kind of grid covering algorithm and introduced an energy efficient clustered protocol EEGC. EEGC uses a distributed cluster head competition of the way, it's network expansion and better; also partially covered by the cluster algorithm can effectively reduce the redundant nodes in the network, saving network energy Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that our proposed clustering approach EEGC is more effective in prolonging the network lifetime compared with LEACH.Consider the "energy hole" problem make bad effects on the network's life time, we explain the reasons of the formation of energy hole with mathematical model, and prove that the energy hole problem in uniform network can't avoid. In this paper, we have analyzed several existing energy hole to avoid the agreement and proposed an improved routing protocol EEGC+, which is based on EEGC routing protocol. The main idea of routing protocol EEGC+ are followed: first, it use non-uniform cluster radius ,which is that the bigger distance between sensor nodes and Sink node is, the smaller cluster radius is. In addition, the cluster routing is not a simple tree structure routing, on the contrary, its routing bases on the minimum relay weights from the select nodes to the Sink node. Finally, simulation results show that, our proposed routing protocol EEGC+ have longer network lifetime and better quality of service than the LEACH routing protocol and EEGC routing protocol.