Analysis And Implement Of Protocol T=1 In Smart Cards

Analysis and Implementation of Protocol T=1 in Smart CardsThe English name for the smart card "Smartcard", also known as IC cards, IC card (Integrated Circuit card), is embedded in the plastic base film, and packaged into a single integrated circuit chip card form. It small size integrated circuit chip technology and advanced and special security measures can not be deciphered, and copy features are accepted by the public.Smart card applications to the international standards include the following:1.Physical Characteristics: ISO7816: 1987; ISO7813; ISO7816-1: 1987.2.Contact size and position: ISO / IEC 7816-2:1988.3.Electrical signals and transmission protocols: ISO / IEC 7816-3:1997.4.Inter-industry interchange command: ISO / IEC 7816-4:1994.5.Application identifier numbering system and registration process: ISO / IEC 7816-5:1994.The paper analyzes and implements the bottom communication protocol of smart cards. There are two kinds of smart cards communication protocol: T=0 and T=1. As a result of resolving of problems of faulty error checking and data leaking, the paper focus on protocol T=1, half-duplex asynchronous transmission of blocks in smart cards with contacts.This article analyzes the work of the smart card processes, asynchronous transfer answer to reset (ATR) in the form and content, protocol type selection (PPS) changes on the transmission parameters, such as basic composition of the block frame. T = 1 are discussed in detail the realization of communication protocols, including error-free reception; error-free transmission; receiver count and send the count; error checking; retransmission; resynchronization response function; response to the terminal IFSD (default is 254 bytes); Send Length is greater than IFSD before the judge; R Block generation and transmission (R (0) and R (1)); smart card terminal IFSC adjustment and for error-free operation of the agreement with guidelines for handling errors detailed process.System provided through the implementation of ISO7816 T = 1 protocols, with complete instructions and data received and sent. After receiving the instruction, according to T = 1 protocol parsing of command to obtain APDU message. Before sending data, the APDU packets encapsulated into T = 1 protocol packets and send out. Main work and innovation is as follows: 1.The paper analyses the protocol T=1 by three layers particularly: physical layer, data link layer and application layer.2.Based on above result, compartmentalize the modules of the sub-system of communication and ensure the interface of the modules, design the particular flow.3.Based on above modules and flow, implement protocol T=1 with CodeWarrior for ARM Developer Suite.4.In the process of implement, design some innovation methods to resolve practical problems.As for the problem of confusion of sending and receiving order, design two sending and receiving counter and resole the problem.Creationarily introduce an identifier, so sending and receiving status can be operated easily.5.Based on plenty of work, we implement all the main function of protocol T=1: receiving counting and sending counting, mistake checkout, re-transmitting, resynchronization, answering IFSD of the terminal, judging the IFSD before sending, creating and sending R-block(R(0) and R(1)), adjusting the IFSC of the smart card and implement of rules of error-free operation and error handling.In the end we introduce software emulator test methods and have protocol rules for error-free operation and error handling tested and all passed.