The Relationship Between Parental And Parental Rearing Patterns And The Adaptation Of Children 's Social Emotion: The Moderating Effect Of Temperament

At present, the universality of double income families make grandparents to shoulder the responsibility to parent and take care of grandchildren. The connection and difference of parenting styles between grandparents and parents is worth exploring. In the current research about grandparents raising their grandchildren, the more attention is paid into the left-behind children of rural family. This study keeps a watchful eye on the city family, explore the role of custodial grandparents play in the process of raising children. Externalizing problems and internalizing problems, which is a part of social–emotional adjustment, influence the individual development of infants. This is closely related to parenting style the infants receive. And the temperament plays a moderating effect in the relationship of rearing and social emotional adjustment.Therefore, the study of this paper of 211 14-months-old infants in Shanghai City carried out, which invited grandparents and parents to fill out questionnaires, exploring the relationship between the parenting style of different caregivers and children’s social-emotional adjustment. Otherwise,the moderating effect is also discussed. The results are as follows:1. In the city family, this phenomenon of grandparenting is very common. Different from the city families, grandparents in the rural raise their grandchildren mainly in the location of children’s parents’ home, grandparents and children’s parents are in charge of child-rearing together.2. There is a high correlation between different parenting styles of different caregivers, the influence and interaction between the people, and the different parenting style will tend to be consistent.3. In the city family of grandparents and parents raising children, grandparents and parents rearing patterns do not exist significant differences. Instead, the acceptable level of father is significantly lower than their grandparents’ and mother’s.4. Grandparents punishment could significantly and positively predict children’s external problems; grandparents encouragement significantly negative predict the externalizing problem; mothers’ accept significant negative predict the externalizing problem, mothers’ punishment significantly positively predict externalizing problems; father’s punishment was significantly positive prediction externalizing problem. The predictive effect of parenting style on internalization was not significant.5. The two temperament dimensions(distress to limitation, duration of orientation) have moderating effect on the relationship between the punishment and the externalizing problem. When distress to limitation is at the high level, the grandparents’ punishment to externalizing problem have significant positive predictive effect; when at low level, the prediction effect is not significant. When the duration of orientation is at a high level, there is a significant positive predictive effect on the relationship of the punishment of the parents and the children’s externalizing problem, while it is at low level, which is not obvious.