| Attachment is a deep,strong and continuous emotional bond between a child and his or her parents or other direct guardians.It affects Children's cognitive,language,emotional,social and personality development.Previous studies had paid more attention to the mechanism and intervention of parent-child attachment and children's problem behaviors.With the development of social economy and the life pace in our country,young people have not enough time and energy to take care of their children,there is a pattern of grandparents' co-parenting.It is a pattern that the parents and grandparents take care of their children.The grandparents attachment is the lasting,strong and intimate emotional connection between the grandchildren and the grandparents.Based on the review of previous theoretical and empirical studies on the children's attachment and the problem behavior,this study discussed systematically and deeply the characteristics of the children's attachment and the problem behavior under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting,it investigated the influence of the children's attachment to parents and the attachment to grandparents on the problem behavior under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting,it explored the relationship of the children's grandparents' attachment,emotional regulation and the problem behavior under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting,it used Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline(VIPP-SD)to intervene the grandparents' parenting in the family,The aim was to explore the effective intervention programs to reduce the children's problem behavior under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting.The research had five studies.Study 1: The study selected 432 young children as the research object with cluster randomly sampling.The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of the relationship of the Children's Attachment Scale and the Children's Attachment Scale,and their applicability to the grandparents.It used these two scale to examine the characteristics of the children's grandparents' attachment under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting,It explored the influencing factors of the children's attachment to the grandparents under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting.Study 2:The study selected 593 young children as the research object with cluster randomly sampling.It used the questionnaire of the Grandparents' Co-parenting and the Child Behavior Check List Scale to investigate the detection rate of children's problem behavior in the different pattern of the parenting,and it investigated the detection rate of the children's problem behavior under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting,it explored the influencing factors of the children's problem behavior under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting.Study 3: The study selected 63 children as subjects,it explored the consistency of mother-child attachment and attachment to grandparents with the Classification Card of the Children's Attachment Behavior,It selected 279 young children with cluster randomly sampling,and it investigated the relationship between the children's attachment to grandparents and the attachment to parents under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting in the normal families of China with the Classification Card of the Children's Attachment Behavior,the Children's Attachment Scale and the Child Behavior Check List Scale,it explored the impact of the attachment to parents and attachment to the grandparents on problem behavior.Study 4: The study selected 593 young children under the pattern of grandparents co-parenting as the research object with cluster randomly sampling,It used the Children's Attachment,the Child Behavior Check List Scale,Disappointment Gift Paradigm to investigate the children's attachment,the problem behavior and the emotion regulation,it explored the relationship of the children's grandparents' attachment,emotional regulation and the problem behavior under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting.Study 5: The study selected 593 young children with problem behaviors as the research object.Children were divided into two groups:Experimental Group(32 children)and Control Group(38 children).It intervened the grandparents in the family with the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline(VIPP-SD),The aim was to explore the applicability to grandparents of the intervention.The intervention could improve the quality of the grandparenting,it could improve the children's attachment level and the emotional regulation ability,and reduce the children's problem behavior.The result of this research:(1)The children's attachment to grandparents under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting was significantly higher than the pattern of grandparenting.The levels of avoidant disordered attachment of children whose grandparents raised them all day from Monday to Friday had significantly lower than those whose grandparents raised them day from Monday to Friday.The level of avoidant disordered grandparents-grandchildren attachment of children whose parents went out for work was significantly higher than the children whose parents were busy with work.(2)The detection rate of externalized problem behaviors was significant higher than internalized problem behaviors.The children's scores of anxiety / depression,discipline violation,aggressive behavior,internalizing problem behavior and externalizing problem behavior were lower under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting.As the life stress of grandparents increased,the children's withdrawal behavior became more obvious.The parents' going out for work was significant higher than parents' busy work in children's withdrawal,anxiety / depression,discipline violation,aggressive behavior,internalization problem behavior and externalization problem behavior.(3)The security level of attachment to parents was significantly higher than that of attachment to grandparents.There was a significant positive correlation between attachment to parents and attachment to grandparents.There was a significant negative correlation between attachment to parents and internalized problem behaviors and externalized problem behaviors,there was a significant negative correlation between attachment to grandparents and internalized problem behaviors and externalized problem behaviors.Attachment to parents positively predicts children's attachment to grandparents under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting.Parents' attachment and grandparents' attachment negatively predicts children's internalization problem behavior / externaliztion problem behavior under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting.(4)The children's attachment to grandparents was significant negative to the emotion regulation under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting.The children's attachment to grandparents was significant negative to the problem behavior,The children's emotion regulation was significant positive to the problem behavior.Attachment to grandparents negatively predicts children's emotional regulation under the pattern of grandparents' coparenting,and attachment to grandparents negatively predicts children's internalization problem behavior / externalization problem behavior under the pattern of grandparents' coparenting.(5)There were significant differences between pre-test and post-test,pre-test and follow-up test of the experiment children's problem behavior,attachment to grandparents,emotion regulation,withdrawal,body complaint,anxiety / Depression,discipline violation,aggression behavior,internalization problem behavior and externalization problem behavior,there were not significant differences between pre-test and post-test,pre-test and follow-up test of the non-experiment children's problem behavior,attachment to grandparents,emotion regulation,withdrawal,body complaint,anxiety / Depression,discipline violation,aggression behavior,internalization problem behavior and externalization problem behavior.The conclusion of this research:(1)The grandparents' co-parenting had become the main parenting pattern of the children in China,contrasted with the grandparents' completely parenting attachment,the children of the grandparents' co-parenting attachment had higher attachment to grandparents.The children's problem behavior were the less level under the pattern of the grandparents' co-parenting.(2)The higher level of the attachment to mother,the higher level of the attachment to grandparents of the children under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting,the higher level of the attachment to mother,and the less internalization problem behavior / externalization problem behavior of the children under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting.(3)The higher level of the attachment to grandparents,the stronger of the emotion regulation ability of the children under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting,The higher level of the attachment to grandparents,and the less internalization problem behavior /externalization problem behavior of the children under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting.(4)VIPP-SD was suitable for the intervention of children raised by grandparents.VIPP-SD could effectively promote the attachment to the grandparents,the emotional regulation.VIPP-SD could effectively reduce the social withdrawal,the physical complaints,the depression and the anxiety,the disciplinary behavior,the aggressive behavior of the children under the pattern of grandparents' co-parenting. |
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