The Composition Of The Verb In The Ganzi Dialect

This study will describe the post-verb supplementaries of Gangou dialect, in Qinghai, and will build the Tense-Aspect system of this dialect. This study has two goals:One is that giving a fully description of verbal syntactic elements in Gangou dialect, which will be the important parts“ verb and verb phrase of the Reference grammar of Gangou dialect. Another is about how deep influence the Language contact will make, and finally change the ‘no spatial setting’ system in Gangou dialect.The study includes four parts:I. An introduction to research backgrounds, which includes the social contexts and language environment, basic structure features of this grammar system, research overview which is about some relative post-verb constituents, Tense-Aspect system of Chinese, and the correlative researches of circumjacent North-Western dialects. And this chapter also includes the outline,some introduction of key terms and the purpose of this study.II. The first class of post-verb elements, which are grammaticalized from the complementaries after the head verb, including three Ingressive makers, ‘-kai( 开)’, ‘-t’uo( 脱)’, ‘-shang( 上)’;completed markers, ‘-guo1(过 1)/-diau(掉)’, perfect marker ‘-ha(下)’, experiential marker ‘-guo2(过 2)’. All of this kinds of constituents correspond to the grammaticalize chains: ‘(directional complements >)resultative complements > aspect markers’. In addition, ‘-ha’ has the highest degree among these elements, which is developing the function of potential markers. The elements in this class are all changing and developing because of motivation from the language itsself.III. The second class of post-verb elements: the imperfective ‘-zhi(着)’ which is corresponding to the Adverbial verb construction of Altaic languages; the perfective‘-liau( 了)’; the modality maker‘-li(哩)’ which is used as the future maker; the say verb‘-fo(说)’ developing into Quotative marker and then the quasi-complementizer, and combinative form ‘li-fo’ used to mark the immediate future. These elements develop because of the language contact.IV. conclusion and suplus disscusion. This part makes a conclusion of fomer chapters and gives the three-term tense-aspect system of Gangou dialect, {perfective, imperfective, future}. And we will discuss more about language contact, about how to decide the direction of contact.