A Study On The Problem Of Loop And Border Defense In The Early And Middle Ming Dynasty

This article describes the Ming Dynasty since the establishing to the Longqing Emperor, there is a series war around the Hetao area between Ming Dynasty and Mongolian nationality, and tells the Hetao area problem how to influence on the Ming Dynasty politics, economies and national relations, and analyzes the different policies of the Ming Dynasty to the Mongolian nationality. At beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Hetao area under the control of the dominator. But after the Xuande Emperor, the North Border Defense begin emerges some problem. To the failure in the Tumu War, the Mongolian nationality occupied the Hetao area, and often aggress the Ming Dynasty. There is why Ming Dynasty deployed the motions for the searching and destroying at the Chenghua Emperor and Hongzhi Emperor, in order to reinforce the North Border Defense. In the years of Zhengde, ministers in the royal court had proposed the suggestion of recovering Hetao. But it was not adopted by Emperor Wuzong. This suggestion was not taken into consideration until Zeng Xian proposed it again in Jia-jing period. Zeng Xian carried out the plan in the north but did not successbecause of the doubt of Emperor Shizong and the conflict of cabinet ministers. After that, EmperorJiajing took the policy of closing the border to deal with Mongolia, making the conflict between Ming dynasty and Mongolia more serious. In Long-qing period, the peace negotiation was reached and the tense between the two countries was released. The relationship between Ming dynasty and Mongolia maintained peaceful and steady for tens of years. The economy in Hetao was recovered and improved during this period.Based on large numbers of ancient documents, this thesis organized and analyzed the problems of border defence in Hetao in early and middle of the Ming dynasty. Combining ethnology and sociology, the situation and its influence in Hetaoin early and middle of the Ming dynastywas narrated in detail.