A Study On The Form Of Tongguan Town In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Tongguan is located in the boundary of Shaanxi, Henan and Shanxi provinces, has always been the portal of Guanzhong area, witnessing the history process and at the same time, it has it’s own development track. During the Ming and Qing dynasty and the period of the republic of China, Tongguan had a big change, feudal autocracy reached to the top and destoried then,the period of the republic of China had been built, Tongguan city was under the form of the new way of urban development. Urban morphology provides a new research view for the study of the city development, which can grasp the city development through the external and internal space of one city.This article attempts to use the method of historical geography to have a study on the wall, city layout and defense system of Tongguan during Ming and Qing dynasty and the period of the republic of China,in order to offer reference for modern city development on the basis of the city recovery.This passage can be divided into five parts:First of all,this part want to sort out the background information of the research,including summarize the academic and practical significance of this topic,defined the related concepts, at the same time tidy who have already do the efforts on this topic so that I can learn from those studies and find some new views to do with the research. Furthermore,the understanding of the natural geographical environment and human geography background is a good job for the study of Tongguan,the position which Tongguan located and the replacement of dynasties have made it an important place,also make the study have both historical and realistic significance.Secondly,this part mainly to do the research on the city’s external form.The wall have a special meaning for the ancient city.The wall in Ming dynasty was repaired by the local officials,since Qing dynasty as it became more stability,the walls all over the country especially the border areas came to build the walls,during Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong dynasties. Tongguan’s wall began to build and repaired later period of Qianlong dynasty.This project had made a good consolidate of the wall,meanwhile,it exposed some questions such as corruption,the terrible quality and the bad plan,on the other side,these questions can be used as a reference for the city program.Thirdly,this chapter mainly to do the research on the city’s internal form,the inner layout can reflect the city’s look ande life.It had been divided into administrative, culture and education, religion spaces according to the historical material.The inner layout and the position and function had been almost the same during Ming and Qing dynasty.During the period of the republic of China,with the fall of the feudal dynasty there were born some new social department which is the most obvious places during these periods.There’s one more thing,the next part focuses on the defense system around Tongguan city in Ming and Qing dynasty and the period of the republic of China.Garrison had been set to protect in Ming dynasty,at the same time,Tongguan city high ditch and the twelve smoke towers became a perfect protection system.Finally,we should come to a conclusion,we take Tongguan city during the Ming and Qing dynasty and also the period of the republic of China as the target,we get a fully appearance of the city,we take geography in the research,which is the method of historical geography,it’s better than the study before,also provide inspiring and learning to recover the ancient city,and make a good point at how to build the modernization city.