The Time And Body Of The Dialect In The Han Dynasty Area

Tense and aspect are important components of language time system.In recent years, as the dialect grammar research gradually aroused people’s attention,tense and aspect of dialect has become a new research hot spot.The content of this paper is about tense and aspect of Hantai District dialect.Based on the theory of Chen Ping,Gong Qianyan and Li linding.I conducted extensive field research.According to analysis and sorting about the language materials.I summed up the basic types of tense and aspect in Hantai District dialect and their expression forms.Compare Hantai District dialect and Mandarin to highlight the characteristics of Hantai District dialect when necessary.It’s not only an application of theories,but also a careful observation and analysis of Hantai District dialect.Helping the further development of research and comprehensive description of the dialect.The paper has the following four chapters.The first chapter is introduction.The introduction mainly introduced the research background,the object of study,research methods and research significance.The second chapter mainly introduced the tense.Tense is expressed by the S,R, E on the axis and their relative position.Only six kinds of nine abstract patterns in Mandarin exist in Hantai District dialect:Anterior past,Simple past,Posterior past,Simple present,Simple future,Posterior future.Expression forms of tense depend on the expression of time factor.Time factors include explicit and implicit time factor.The former is expressed by nouns,adverb and particle.The latter by nothing you can see at your first glance.In-depth analysis of time of the event and supplement of a specific context can help.The third chapter introduced the aspect.Aspect expresses development states of events.There are fourteen kinds of types.They are divided into seven groups according to their similar and opposite characteristics:perfective and experienced,accomplished and already,progressive and durative,impending and imminent,ingressive and variable,frozen and continuous, reduplicative and transitory.Though not all depend on specific forms,we can see some still.Those meaningless,dependent,special-purpose and toneless.Such as [lαu0],[tαu0],[kuo0],[sαη0],[xA0],[tcI0] and [yA0].They have differences in special-purpose,dependent and degree of meaningless. The forth chapter concluded the paper.First,tense and aspect are objective,not all expressed by specific forms.Every sentence has tense and aspect,they are intrinsic features of sentence.Second,tense and aspect are neither inseparable,nor completely the opposite.They express different contents of language time system.None can be denied. Third,pay attention to extra meaning when we analyse tense and aspect.According to the essence of concept,tense and aspect are not decided by subjective emotion.production of sentence structure,which don’t change tense and aspect of sentence.