| The Smart antenna is one of the key technologies in the third generation system, it has been the present focuses in signal processing field. In this paper, the Smart antenna is adapted in the wireless mobile communication system. Because the transport environment of the wireless signals is complicated and uncertain, signals are declined and wear down, which result in ISI,CCI,MAI. All this has strong bad effect on the capacity and performance of wireless communication system. The smart antenna technology is an effective solution to these questions. This paper simply introduces the emergence, development, basic working theory, characteristics and the merits of smart antenna. Four Directional of Arrival estimation algorithms are respectively discussed about their chief theories, classical algorithms. In addition, their disadvantages and merits are recommended. With the classical algorithms and the 2-dimension Virtual Estimating Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques algorithm, which belonging to the subspace DOA estimation algorithm being research subjects, this paper analysis a unitary ESPRIT algorithm that can substitute the real calculations for the complex ones to enhance the effectiveness of the algorithm. 2-D Virtual ESPRIT algorithm, which have 3 SVD value decomposition and the calculation consumption of the algorithm is large. Because the space-time DOA matrix method doesn't need 2-D search, reduce the calculation consumption. In this paper, virtual DOA matrix method is presented and it can cut down the calculation consumption of the algorithm,low requirement for sub-arrays and good estimation effect under the low SNR conditions. In addition, make full use of arrays methods is adopted to improve on virtual DOA matrix method. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.
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