Herbart's Educational Thought And The Enlightenment To The Ideological And Political Education

Johann Friedrich Herbart was a very famous educationist of German in the beginning of the 19^th century. He is the first one who definitely advanced the education should be an independent subject. His educational ideas are very important in modern European history of educational thought. Especially, he believes that moral education is the most fundamental and important content. He put forward that freedom, development, kindness, justice and fairness are the five kinds of moral concepts. It has the theoretical and practical significance to strengthening and improving the content and methods of the ideological and political education.On the basis of researching sufficient historical data and literature, the essay, which has combined with the relevant subject knowledge and uses the research methods of historical analysis and comparative analysis, delves into the social background and the theoretical origins of Herbart's educational thought and tries to summarize of the essence of Herbart's educational thought accurately. His educational ideas based on respecting the students and concerning about the current situation and future development of students. His view of the aims of education expounded the importance of moral education. At the same time, Herbart pays attention to the formation of the ideological range. He advocated an educational teaching strongly, focused on the spiritual edification of students and wanting to guide students to develop their virtuous character. In addition to teaching, he has also attached great importance to the role of management and discipline. Herbart also thinks that the educators should have sufficient knowledge, quality and capacity. He believed that it can promote the development of students to combine public school education with family education and private education. His educational thought pays attention to cultivate spiritual, respects for student individuality, advocates cultivating various interests, and combines the moral education with other subjects. Although Herbart's educational thought has the existence of historical limitations, but it still inspire the contemporary ideological and political education. Education should proceed from the student's interest, play various courses of the mold features, improve the quality of educators constantly, use the method of indirect moral education and combine family education with school education.