Research On Teacher Theories Of Foreign Countries In Modern Times

In the process of development of western education, Educators of different countries in different history period put forth educational ideas as well as educational theory and teaching methods,and also had formed educational thought which were widespread and had important influence in some history period, based on their educational practice and making a summary on the education experiences of their predecessors.Reseaching on teacher theories of foreign coeuntries in modern times, based on research on teacher theories of elementary and secondary schools, the article emphasizes partilularly on the most representative three schools of educational thoughts and desctibes the views about teachers of the educational thoughts.Besides the intruduction and the summary, the article includes four parts.The preface expounds the concept of teacher, the present condition of theoretical research on teacher theories of foreign countries in modern times, and deals with the significance of the sdudy.Part one describes social situations and theoretical background for the development of teacher theories of foreign countries in modern times.Part two analyses views about teacher of intellectualism. At the beginning of the 19th century, "Educational psychology" raised by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi who was a swiss had an important influence on J.F.Herbart. J.F.Herbart established theoretical system of education though educational practice and theoretical research. As J.F.Herbart's education theory was based on conceptual psychology, "intellect "was put in the first place,so it was called intellectualism education and it became the chief mark of "traditional education".Part three introduces views about teacher of naturalism.Naturalism education originated from ancient Greece, flourished in the 18th century and lasted to 19th century.The major representatives include Johann Amos Comenius, Henri Rousseau, Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel and so on.They thought, nature is a wellspring of knowledge, and the purpose of education is to bring up the kids.They attached weight to children's physical and mental development. Naturalism education stressed the children's central status in teaching procedure at the first time.Part four analyses views about teacher of holistic education. In German,as a representative,Friedrich Adolf Wilhelm Diesterweg combated ultranationalism and chauvinism and advocated man's all-round way development. They hope everyone should be educated equitably. Holistic education played an active role in the development of national education and teacher education in German. The main text part in vertical dimension describes the basic ideas, including the virtues and professional ethics of teacher, teaching methods, the relationship between teachers and students, the status of teacher in teaching procedure, teacher training of the four schools of educational thoughts. At the same time, the article makes a comment on the basic characteristic of the thought of teacher education and simply sums up the influence on the educational practice at that time .In the last part, we make a comprison in lateral dimension to help us systematically comprehend some views about teacher in modern times.