Research On Sustainable Development Of Henan Province Based On NHDI Model And EF Model

Human Development Index (HDI) can measure and analyze the progress of human development in different countries and regions comprehensively and scientifically based on people-oriented theory instead of merely centering on economic growth. Mankind development report reported by the United Nations Development Programme in 1990 pointed out that human is real wealth of a national or regional, human development expands the opportunity of people's choice, and it breaks through the GDP (GNP) as a simple measure standard of the economic-oriented development view. It can be calculated by the indexes of income, education and life expectancy, which can revealed the prior development items, and found the weak link in the economic and social development. Since 1990, human development indexes have been released by the United Nations Development Program in annual reports, it will be popular as one of the synthesis indicator systems of sustainable development in the world. However, the human development index (HDI) of UNDP still has limitation. In this paper, regional relationship is tied into HDI for its expansion. Then we get the new human development index (NHDI).Ecological footprint was proposed in 1992, it is an ecological and economic index which can reflect regional resource utilization and potential.The HDI and NHDI emphasized particularly on the social sustainable development, but natual inputs and ecologial economic sustainable development wasn't taken into consideration. Combined with EF Index and data envelopment analysis method, this paper analyzed the regional sustainable development from ecosystem, society and economy etc.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Economic links and interaction among regions has become one of the hot topics and frontiers, regional elements flows include passenger flow, freight flow, information(post and telegraph) flow mainly. Exchange index was proposed to establish NHDI, together with life expectancy, educational level and per capita GDP.(2) The NHDI of Henan prrovince had increased from 0.415 to 0.664 in 1990-2005, the ratio of its annual growth rate is 1:0.7 compared with the whole country. It indicated that human development degree in Henan province was improving continuously, the disparities were getting less compared to the nation .(3)The per capital ecological footprint had increased with a rate of 5.05% per year, while the ecological capacity only 0.72%. At the same time, the ratio of demand and supply is increased from 2.65:1 to 3.98:1, and the imbalance trend is enlarging. Above all, it reflects that the ecological footprint is beyond the ecological capacity, the regional ecosystem is under great pressure of human activities with the population increasing and the level of life improving. The regional economic development of Henan Province is far from sustainable development.(4)Using the input-output model, the efficiency of input-output of Henan province was evaluated comprehensively by data envelopment analysis, C~2R index is 1, The results showed that the current investment of resources and possessing technology reached effective utilization, human developmentdegree in Henan Province was in the middle level in China, but its developing speed was lower.(5) Some specific countermeasures are presented to realize coordiantive development betweeneco-environment and social economy, for example, increasing science and technology investment to utilize the existing resources effectively, optimizing economic development environment to improve regional competence; enhancing the independent innovation competence to upgrade and boost industrial structure; persevering in the humanitarian orientation to reduce regional disparities of human development between regions, ect.