The Academic Colleges' Management System Research In Song Dynasty

Academy, is a special education model in the old feudal society. It is a non-governmental, non-personal and brand-new education form; therefore, its emergence and development led to a profound education reform and a series of changes were caused. And it plays an important and active role in many aspects; for example, it enhances the inheritance and development of Chinese culture, trains many talents and raises the intellect of the people, and even facilitates the development of the society. The functions of education were fully performed and a new stage appeared.On the basis of considerable related documents and references, the paper summarizes various domestic views of the academy in Song Dynasty, and then makes a further exploration to the management system of the academy.The emergence of the academy can be traced back to Tang Dynasty, but only in Song Dynasty, it became a kind of education form in a real sense, i.e. the academy became a special education system in Song Dynasty. Furthermore, the regulations and management systems were established and completed. In this period, many excellent scholars appeared such as Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, etc. When they used the academy to preach and advertise their thoughts of neo-Confucianism, they helped extend the influence and reputation of the academy, and enhanced its development, which added many charms to their thoughts.The paper starts with two points, i.e. the reform of traditional culture and development of thoughts of neo-Confucianism and the appearance of the academy in Song Dynasty, then turns to analyze the reasons of the academy's flourish, and briefly discussed the developing situation of the academy in Song Dynasty, including the rising and declining of the academy in Song Dynasty, and the prosperity of the academy in Southern Song Dynasty.In the main body, the paper discusses the management system of the academy in Sony Dynasty. As an important point, the education pholosophy and management system are illustrated systamatically and thoroughly. Firstly, three aspects are involved, i.e. the academic goals, the teaching contents. Secondly, the paper discusses the academy's teaching organization and the management of students and logistics. About the teaching principles and methods, the paper generalizes such characteristics as "open policy", free speech, an emphasis of self-teaching, thinking, the challenge to authorities, individualized instruction, etc. Generally speaking, there are a features of the organiztion: the overall responsibility under the leadership. And the teaching management has three features: the teaching contents focus on the neo-Confucianism, the teaching methods emphasizes inspiring students, and the assessment includes two parts—virtue and academic achievements. Then, the paper discusses the student management from the following aspects, i.e. the situation of the students, the relationship between the headmaster and teachers, teaching and research, and students and teachers. And the disscussion of logistics management involves the storage of books and references, religious activities and the resources of the education funds.In Song Dynasty, the development of the academy achieved a rather high level. In that period, "The Four Academies" enjoy a high reputation, and academic speeches lead to the prosperity in the academic field. And Zhu Xi's A Relevation of Bailudong Academy was very popular, and its combination with neo-Confuciansium forms a very charming academic personality. The above-mentioned researches can help people seize the major tendency of academy's development in that dynasty, and learn its advantages to reform the current education system. Therefore, after discussing the influences of its management on the academy system in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the paper offers some inspirations for modem education: inspirations to goals of college education, inspirations to college system, inspirations to methods enhancing communication between teachers and students, inspirations to improving the ablility of teachers, and inspirations to forming a severe and pragmatic style in studying.