This article reviews some important conceptions of education cost, and then makes a description of the history and recent situation of rural education in Jiangsu Province. From the angle of social cost and private cost of education, it also analysis the overall situation of rural education based on data of rural surveyed teams. Then it discusses the negative effect of the heavy cost of foundational education, which is increasing peasants' economic burdens, and it results barriers in development of agricultural economy and farmers' income in Jiangsu Province. Finally, it provides some suggestions for government to strength the education in rural areas and to reduce the private cost of rural education.
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