A Comparing Research On The Training Of Scientific Method Of Biological Teaching Materials In The Middle School

Since new China was established, education was changed continuously to suited the need of economical construction and social development, the biological education also carried on the challenge from the various aspects. Since 20 century, our country was carrying out the strategy of"science and education vitalizing the state"strongly, the practicing diathesis education was pushed roundly. During the reforming and development of education, the teaching materials were the important foundation of teaching, their drawing and utilization were always the focus of being attended by the personalities in the education circle. The textbooks are one of the most chief types of teaching materials. They were the carrier of curriculum, the key and the main segment of curriculum reforming, the tools of being used frequently by students and teachers and of being essential in the teaching activities. Analyzing textbooks was the premise of amending and compiling them, was also the basis of implementing the teaching design of the class. The analyzing level was one of the most important factors of influencing teaching quality.In June 2001, The Ministry of Education of China promulgated"Basic Educational Curriculum Reform Outline", which defined the targets of curriculum reforming. The curriculum criteria of each subject were promulgated in the same year, including"Biology Curriculum Criteria Of Fulltime Compulsory Education(experimental manuscript)". According to the new curriculum criteria, the five sets of experimental textbooks had been compiled and published before 2005. The new curriculum criteria of biology demanded that the teaching materials not only make the students learning scientific knowledge, but also mastering the various scientific methods, possessing the ability of science inquiry, forming the habit of think scientifically. Thereby, when researching the teaching materials, comparing and analysis for the various skills and scientific methods which were relation to the scientific research of biology would be the main researching objects of the figures in the education circles.Mastering scientific methods was the main tool of gaining the new knowledge, contributed tu understand the scientific knowledge, to strengthen the student's ability of thinking and dealing with problems, to develop students'intelligence and innovative spirit, to establish the right scientific attitude, to build up the right opinion of emotion and value, to foster the right scientific accomplishment. The scientific methods in the teaching materials of biology usually point to the summation of ecumenical thinking and manipulative process during inquiring and researching the organisms, including observation,experiment,analysis,comparing,consequence,classification,question,supposition,generalization,information gathering,mathematical methods and so on. The students of junior high school were on formal operation stage, their abstract thinking are excellence, but were mainly the experience type, trainings the scientific methods for the students would attach importance to develop the abstract and logical thinking with the cognition from a lot of object, imaging and feeling things and materials, the trainings also exert a subtle influence on their think. The expressive ways and training number of each method training were different in the biological textbooks of different edition, which would influence the effect of method training objectively. The method trainings in the teaching materials infiltrated into the various activities could be described on scatter diagram, the number proportion of activities could be described on histogram. The questionnaire investigation for practical utilization of textbooks could get the realest and immediate opinion and advice from biology teachers of front line, the quantitative analysis for investigative results also could incarnate the practical effect of textbooks for the method trainings.At the moment, the education of junior high school in Guangxi had chosen the three editions experimental textbooks of compulsory education curriculum criteria. These editions were published by People's Education Press, Beijing normal school Press and Jiangsu Education Press. The expressive ways of the various scientific methods for inquiry in the inquiry activities an experiments with the experimental teaching materials were compared and analyzed, their proportion in the quantity were counted, the questionnaire and talking from the biological teachers in Guangxi front line also analyzed. The results showed that the trainings in the there editions teaching materials of experiment were full-scale and systemic comparatively for education actuality of Guangxi, and the training content also accorded with the knowledge base and cognitive characteristic of the students in junior high school. The method trainings about thinking in the textbooks of People's Education Press were better than the other editions, the method trainings about the inquiry experiment in the textbooks of Beijing Normal school Press gained higher appreciation, and the method trainings about the methods of experience and rational thinking in the textbooks of Jiangsu Education Press were balanced. There were differences about the details handling, such as activating types, actualization ways, materials selecting, letter description, using the image system,arrangement of knowledge system etc. in the three editions. These differences worked on the effects of method trainings differently, so the three editions all needed to be reinforced or ameliorated and they would use for reference each other in practice utilization. The current states of three editions to be used in Guangxi showed that the diathesis of teacher itself is played an important role in performing the method trainings, the teachers could change the training target because of the practice states. Furthermore, the fitness of evaluation system and recognition of society to the biological subject would influence the effect of method trainings differently. The textbooks of improving these states could produce the best results at the method trainings.