Preliminary Study Of Administration In Self Government Of Community

Community administration is a form of expression where a neighborhood committee plays double roles during the construction and development of the community, i.e. the neighborhood committee of the community will be influenced by both planned economy and market economy. It has been stipulated by law as a self-governing organization; however, its operation mode can be only interpreted as a form of expression of both non-governmental and non-self-governing organizations integrating functions of administration, service and self-government.Characteristics of community administration: Firstly, it is the main body for management of community featured by strong governmental management and weak self-government of community led by the government. Secondly, it is the organizational system for management of the community featured by lack of centralized management and allocation. Thirdly, it is the human resources construction of community featured by direct appointment to the management of the community, and low comprehensive educational level of the community personnel. Fourthly, it is the resources allocation of the community featured by the unique mode in which, the government appropriates funds to the community in scattered form, and integration and utilization of community resources are owned exclusively by the units themselves.According to general requirements of the scientific development concept, and based on analysis and study of the government position and society position, this thesis forwards a new concept on how to use the social position doctrine to solve the community administration problems. Firstly, it explains the concept of community administration, which should not only be the reform of the government management system, but also the omni-directional social reform rooted deeply among the whole social public (including non-government public organizations and the people). Secondly, authority and resources of the community should not be monopolized only by the government, instead, they should be reasonably distributed among all main bodies in the community. If being shared among them, higher efficiency will be achieved. Thirdly, it is the non-government organizations and the people who should be encouraged to participate management of the public affairs in the community so as to achieve interaction between the government, non-government public organizations and the people, and to maximize public benefits.Guided by the social position doctrine, the author of this thesis uses the demonstration method to analyze the present situations of the community administration: community work burden is heavy; double roles on shoulder of community workers are often conflicting with each other; various community organizations work in an overlapped way; initiatives of community members in participating community construction are not high, which have to rely on mobilization of the government; community election is still in the preliminary level; and community rating relies too much on government assessment; and resources distribution of community comes from united coordination by the government. This thesis analyzes the source of origin for generation of administration of community: power and responsibility are out of balance, the community work and functions are displaced seriously; defects really exist on the management system of the community, and non-government self-governing organizations have not been set up outside the government system; no direct election has been performed, the people's opinions are not integrated and the community's claim for self government is not answered; and the legal and legislation system for construction of the community is weak.Through analysis and study of present situations and causes of administration of community, this author believes that the following principles shall be adhered to in solving the administration of community: The first principle is to achieve a leap from the government position to the social position concept. When designing the new pattern of community governing, we should make full use of the theoretic result of the social position concept, redistribute the power and functions in the community, and clarify the relation between the government and the community, which means that the single power management led by the government should be transferred into multi-power government. The second principle is to remold the main body of the community, and fill in the gap for lack of all the interested main bodies achieve efficient balancing restricting each other of all the interested main bodies, and maintain their efficient cooperation in the public affairs management and supply of public products. The third principle is to achieve the balance between execution power and financial power of the diversified main bodies of the management. According to the doctrine of separation between legislative and executive powers, it takes it as the core to solve the administration of community, re-distribute the power mechanism and interest mechanism between the government and the community neighborhood committees, and construct the new community management system.According to requirements of the above three principles, the author has designed two community management patters featured by separating the"Legislation"from the"Execution", and further make detail division between administration inside community and self-governing service, two functions that have been entangled unnecessarily. Through"Stereo"type or"Plane"type reform, different organization structures shall be set up, which can undertake different working functions, however, the relation between them is of the same importance.Pattern 1 for community management: Direct division and appropriation method, i.e. the"Stereo"type reform shall be adopted, and the antenna of the government agency shall be extended. The administrative working station of the community will directly undertake the working functions of the government in the community, re-distribute the resources of the public powers among the government, neighborhood committee of the community, and non-government social organizations. The special features of the system: the self-governing organizations can be established beyond the government framework, and the self-governing organizations of the community can be thoroughly separated from the government organizations in the aspects of the organizational structure, function, personnel, funds and district so as to return the power, interest and area to the community.Pattern 2 for community management: Indirect division and appropriation method, i.e. the"Plane"type reform shall be adopted to subdivide the community neighborhood committees, recombine the neighborhood committees according to their functions, and let them to become the self-governing organizations. Two working organs will be established inside the community: one is the execution organ—the administrative affairs working station of the community, of which, the main mission is to complete the administrative functions of the government, while the other is the legislative organ—the self-governing working station of the community, of which the main mission is to complete the corresponding functions of the neighborhood committees of the community (legislation, decision-making and democratic management). Special features of the system: The administrative working station of the community exists in the organizational system of the neighborhood committees of the community in the form of being commissioned, which, preliminarily sorts out the mess caused by combination of administrative work and self-governing work of the community. Both the administrative working station and the self-governing working station of the community appear within the same organizational framework, and both belong to internal function, responsibility division and positioning of the same system. The most extruding feature is one brand with two execution organs and two working teams, which are independent from each other.The author raises two community management system patters separating"Legislation"from"Execution", which preliminarily stretches the relation between the government and the community, however, since the system design and operation are made in a closed status, the universality and sustainability of the system face the severe trial. Common issues really exist deeply in operation of both patterns for management of the community. (I) serious conflict exists between the administrative power and self-governing power during the course of implementation. (II) Self-governing capacity of the neighborhood committees of the community needs to be improved urgently. (III) Level of participation by local people and organizations in the community needs to be promoted vigorously.In view of the above cases, following the reform principle to"Strengthen the Government—Strengthen the Community", and viewing in the three aspects of the self-governing conditions of the community, election of the community, and level of participation by local people of the community, the author of this thesis explores a basic solution to solve the administration of the community.1. To create the conditions for self-governing of the community.①To transform the governmental functions and to achieve return of the self-governing functions of the community.②To straighten the relationship between the government and the community.③To set up operation and guarantee system for self-government of the community. 2. To reform the election system of the community.①To solve the problems for the electorate to carry out democratic election.②To solve problems of non-standard election.③To solve the problems of interest-oriented community leaders. 3. To raise the level of participation by local people.①To provide a platform for interaction between local people.②To vigorously cultivate various civil organizations in the community.③To achieve the interest integration of the community members.④To continuously accumulate confidence and trust.⑤To formulate legal regulations for participation by local people, and to divide the rights and obligations of different participating bodies in form of laws.⑥To give full play to community actives who may set good examples for the others.