A Study On Application Of Historical Sources In Middle Schools In The United States

In recent years, with the deepening reforms of historical in middle school, historical sources teaching attracts more and more attention by history teachers. Therefore, it is of significance to draw on the experience of historical sources teaching of other countries, undertake all-round research on the theories and practice of historical sources teaching, promote students' abilities of historical consciousness and thinking, cultivate capabilities of material-collecting, material-mastering and problem-shooting by the application of historical material. Also, it is helpful for students to understand history, learn from history, strengthen humanist consciousness, and shape correct outlook and views of world, life and value, and their sustainable development.With the theories of history and history pedagogy, based on the case of teaching with historical sources, the paper analyzes and studies the usage of historical sources in the history teaching in middle schools in the U.S. The paper presents a deep and comprehensive discussion on how to use various kinds of historical sources in teaching, how to make students have a good sense of history knowledge, how to let students acquire the skills of solving historical problems, and how to develop their history thinking to obtain the aim and function of history education.The paper is going to discuss the usage of historical sources in history teaching in middle schools from 5 aspects.First, in the U.S. scholars' opinion, the principal aims of using historical sources in history teaching. It attaches great importance to talking about the ideas and viewpoints of the historical sources teaching, which is having students acquire the training of the methods and abilities of solving problems by collecting, analyzing and organizing historical sources, so that students would have a good understanding of the knowledge and the nature of history.Second, it explains how the history teachers lead the students to the historical material teaching. It includes asking students to learn the basic knowledge, to know the basic principles and methods they should obey when they study and analyze the sources, the frequently used historical material types and concrete examples, and how to make simple analysis and judgment over different sources.Third, considering the vivid teaching cases, it analyzes the characteristics embodied in the historical sources teaching. That is, introducing should be natural and conform...