The Reconstruction Of Social Capital In The Disintegration Of System Of Unit

I made the investigation of " social base of economy development ofresource type urban " following the seminar of university of Jilin in July of2005, we carried out the investigation in three resource cities (Yichun ofHeilongjiang province, Songyuan of Jilin province, Fushun of Liaoningprovince), we made many of questionnaires that last two months. I made alarge number of questionnaires and interview cases in Fushun city of theprovince of Liaoning to the workers (point here specially: the workers ofwaiting for job to do along the street, for example, professional pipefitter ,pipefitter , pincers worker, bungle wall worker , water workers, get into eyesworker , blow and so on. They all come out from " units ". ), we have foundan important phenomenon: The social capital of the" scattering labor " haschanged substantially since the unit disintegrated, the social capital related tounit nearly all loses efficiency, the social capital has been reconstructed. Whywill such a phenomenon appear? Which kind of relations the phenomenonand the development have? What is the result of the reconstruction of thesocial capital? What problem exist after reconstructing? I have done course analysis and thought in order to probe into thesequestions. This paper expound the reconstruction of the social capital underthe condition of the disintegration of unit from the following three respectssystem.First, look for the reason and course that the reconstruction of socialcapital reconstructs in the change of the institution of unit.1,The integration of social capital and " unit ""Unit" is a appellation that referred to organization of employment asurban social members , it is a kind of institution that concentrate varioussocial forces and social resources to make socialist construction in the earlydays of foundation of our country,in the planning era. The institution of unithas the strong ability of centralized resources from that day when it produced.so, the appearance that the integration of system of unit and social capital isinevitable.On one hand, the integration of social capital and unit is shown as theinstitutionalized network relation among unit members and the unit;On theother hand is shown as the unofficial network relation between unit members .2,The disintegration of system of unit and the loss of efficiency ,reconstruction of the social capital.At the end of the seventies of the 20th century, China begins toimplement reform and opening-up, the mobility of social resource wasstrengthened, people can get abundant social resources from outside the unittoo. By the eighties of the 20th century, to the economic system, thegovernment began to lead the whole country to transform from traditionalplanned economic system into market economic system consciously. Themanagement style under original planned economy has been already changing,the mandatory method of distribution of resource is changing too, the positionof the unit assigns resources to be struck too. Especially the market economicsystem theory that Deng Xiaoping's south inspection tour speech was putforward formally of 1992, make market economy begin to develop on theearth of China, state-owned enterprise unit and collective-owned enterpriseunit have received greater impact , on one hand, because the impact andsqueezing of the state-owned enterprise and collective-owned enterprise offast rise of nonstate-owned economy;On the other hand the impact ofefficiency consciousness of market economy on the state-owned enterpriseand collective-owned enterprise .The rise of market economy requiresenterprises to go into battle with a light pack, but the social burden isoverweight that long-term planned economy makes , the unit has alreadycollapsed at the first blow, so a large number of state-owned enterprises andcollective-owned enterprise went bankrupt one after another , though someenterprises exist, have already ceased to exist except in name. One ofNortheastern resource type city Fushun city of Liaoning province, variousstate-owned enterprises have been assault from reform system too, the systemof unit is disintegrating. By 2000, our country strengthens the reform of thestate-owned enterprise and collective-owned enterprise, one of the unexpectedconsequences that the reform brings is that a large number of workers are laidoff. To laid off mean breaking away from the unit , no longer enjoy the socialresources that the unit offered. The phenomenon that society included in unitdisappeared, the system of unit has disintegrated. The disintegration of thesystem of unit makes the social capital related to unit of the member's all lose.In order to survive and live, these people need to set up theirs own socialcapital network outside the unit. Social capital outside unit different from theoriginal, the social capital has been reconstructed.Second, pursue the result of the reconstruction of social capital withinunit contrast to outside unit as follows:1,The " institutional field " that social members lived and worked haschanged --from there is normal institutional assurance to there is no clearnorm to supported.2,The formation of the network has been changed --to anotherhomogeneity group from a homogeneity group.3, The network relation changed from complicated to simple.4,The chance of network has changed:(1) Network chance from relative fixture to uncertain.(2)The phenomenon of " flowing backwards " has appeared as thereinforcement of the mobility of social resource in people's choice chance.5,Stay in " strong Guanxi" yet .6," strong Guanxi " has presented weakening .7,The understanding of social capital has changed --From having nointention to set up social capital in unit to realizing strongly that" haveGuanxi have living " outside in unit.Third, the questions exist after the reconstruction of the social capital.1,Escaping making the investment, they have abandoned the premisethat the social capital forms .2,The social capital is dispersing , making people can't distinguishwhat kind of social capital should to call up.3,The phenomenon of bi-polarises of the social capital exists, socialresources may concentrate on a few hands .4, Compared with man, women have more difficulty to obtain ,mobilize and utilize social capital. Some women's human resources hang(have not find job,but there are certain skills ) and waste because of failingto combine social resource and human resources .I have found through investigation of above that accompany bydisintegration of system of unit and the social capital of the members ofthose who lay off from unit is reconstructed . In general, after reconstructing,the social capital is weaker than that under the system of unit, not only thescale of social capital been diminished, but also the capacity has beendiminished.These problems await the further discussion and study on the basis ofthis paper. As to the questions existing after the social capital reconstructed,there are the following suggestions:First of all, as to the problem of the degradation on the whole of socialcapital, according to external cause, should increase their social capitalthrough employment. The society should offer the employment opportunitysuitable for them to these social members walking from the unit , for examplehold laid-off's job fair regularly , find the post which is suitable for them todistinguish with similar to university student's job fairing . This paper hasbeen described above, it is very difficult for " weak relation " to work to thesepeople, the person around them is basically the personnel of the low socialcapital, so only the chance offers from outside can make them realize theirown value .Secondly, while the external cause plays an important role, the internalcause is very more important. Human capital and social capital are correlated.Social capital can facilitate improvement of the manpower capital, manpowercapital can offer basic terms and guarantee for increase of the social capitaltoo. So, social members should improve one's own human capital constantly ifinternal and external conditions permitting, let one's own specialty broughtinto full play, does not ask finding the job with higher social status, better canfind the post suitable for oneself at least.Moreover, the government should make social security more effective,let the hidden danger of question existing among social members disappear insprouting , work hard for realizing the goal of the harmonious society.From the discovery of this question of " the reconstruction of the socialcapital in the disintegration of the system of unit "to the finding, there areimportant meanings in fact and in theory .I have proved again in theory the social capital is flowing. Underdifferent institutional field, I have done further investigation to the socialcapital theory.The realistic meaning is great. A series of problems exist after thereconstruction of social of " scattering labor " ,the existence of these questionsis a hindrance to the social development, is the hidden danger of influencingthe social stability too. Not merely help social member's life and work todiscovery and settlement of these problems, and have important meaning inbuilding the harmonious society.