Social Capital And Job-Seeking

With the continuous expansion of the recruitment of universities recent years, the number of university graduates increases year after year. During the employment process of university graduates, they have faced the pressure of severely employment competition. For the university graduates with high human capital, to take up employment smoothly and use what they have learnt is the first step to achieve their individual value; and for the whole society, it is the key to keep the society stabilization and come to the development of our society. In the study of the employment problem of university graduates, traditional opinions from the standpoint of the human capital the undergraduates themselves own, which think the grade of the human capital of undergraduates, such as the knowledge layer and structure, the professional technique level, the mental character and so on, plays a determinative part in their occupation choices, already could not explain the new problems appearing in the employment process, for example, the employment competition results of some university graduates with high human capital sometimes are not as good as those of students with lower human capital who graduate from professional schools, and the social capital is paid special attention gradually in the employment process of university graduates. In 1970s "the social capital"was the first time to put forward as an explicit conception. From the early research French sociologist Bolldeer did on individual social capital in the view of instrumentalism,to the development stage, American sociologist Colman's rational behavior theory and his research to social capital from the standpoint of social structure, to the study of social capital Chinese-born American sociologist Lin Nan made on the basis of social recourse, and to the study of social capital Japanese-born American sociologist scholar Forsal made in the angle of civilization, the conception and analytical method of social capital are improving steadily. Our nation is the origin of Confucian civilization, and the importance of interpersonal relationship stressed in Confucian civilization is consistent with the objective content of social capital. In late 80s, domestic scholars have already begun to notice the explanatory function of the social capital theory and its applicability to Chinese society. The theoretical research focusing on social relation net and aiming at the social capital directly in representation of Zhang Qizi, and the theoretical research paying attention to the efficiency of social capital in representation of Bian Yanjie are the mainstream direction of domestic academia. The social capital is a theoretical conception which develops on the basis of the connotation extension of the capital conception and is corresponding to the matter capital and the human capital. The conception and theory of social capital abound in complexity and controversy. Narrowly speaking, the social capital is in the manifestation of social relation network, it is a kind of social recourse and in the characteristic of productivity and increment. The social capital is the result of inlaying, that means only one person comes into certain network, he can get the social capital, which is intangible and a kind of substance that you can feel but can not see and touch. The effect of social capital on getting individual social status has been confirmed broadly by the research of scholars both here and abroad. In many situations, when people use their social relation network to find jobs, they usually can match theoccupations effectively. As an independent capital form, the social capital has effect and influence in many aspects and in different levels to the employment of university students. In the employment process of university students, the stock of a student's social capital influence his job-hunting process directly. The stock of social capital has a positive correlation with the acquisition of the employment information and employment opportunities for a student and with a student's employment behavior and employment consequence. In the process of employer and employee choice, the social capital is helpful to get more occupation information and employment opportunities for university graduates; it has impact on undergraduates'employment intentions, job-hunting behavior and employment results; and the social capital can make up the flaw of information asymmetry in labor market, provides informal job-hunting channels for job seekers and becomes the allocation system of labor recourse besides the market and the government. So in Chinese society focusing on human relationship, the social capital with a strong effect plays an indispensable part in the employment of university graduates. The social capital has quality of self-increment. In the process of a university student taking the advanced education and entering a profession, his social capital has the ability to accumulate and increase in value. When university student construct their social capital, they have stronger subjective activity. This kind of activity and subjectivity affect the accumulation and increment process of social capital straight. Through the playing of the active effect of social capital, we can raise the level of social capital the university students own, increase its stock, so as to realize the increment of social capital.