Game Between The Government And The Peasantry

The peasants' load, as an important form of redistribution of the peasants' output among the whole society, is the sum total of surplus value rendered gratis by citizens of rural residence. It realizes in three ways: fees, services and output. As a settle practice it is hard to reform. The importance and urgency to solve the three-problems concerning peasants surges increasingly with our entry into WTO and our progress to build a well-to-do family all over China. On the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteen Central Committee how to solve this problem became an important subject under discussion. The problem of the heavy load of the peasants is social conflict itself, resulting from the game between the government and the peasantry on agricultural taxation and interest. It originates from the disparity in essentially unequal transaction order between the two sides.The game theory has won recognition and favor increasingly these years for its rational hypothesis and its proposition on the interdependence of the policy-makers' decisions. It was first exemplified and utilized systematically in economics, yet it holds the same idea by coincidence with utilization in sociology, to be more exact, social exchange in rational theories and public selection originates from politics. These two are analogous, referring to and merging with each other.This problem of heavy load is deeply rooted in the society, whose evolution process is like this: system foundation----acting choice----structure organization----operating effectiveness. Why this problem has developed into such a severity, originally it is because of the avianizing of regulation innovation and the resulted decreasing effectiveness of policies.Among the elements of policy the fundamental one is the binary social organization coming from artificial decisions. The reasons of the deviation of guiding ideology upon the peasantry in China are the following: one is the tradition and ideological remains of policy of obscuration in the 2000 years' feudalism in China; the other is simplified imitation of Soviet's model; errors in dealing with the peasantry in Marxism is also used in socialist construction without alteration. Game between the government and the peasantry in China is supposed to experience the periods of incubation, protrusion, upsurge and alleviation.The game is the dynamic game of incomplete information. It is in essence the game of power, as there is disequilibrium between the two sides in power, information, organizationand trading fees. At the very beginning, the powerful side---the government--- has used its power to establish a transaction order advantageous to itself (the social organization system). This is the policy origin of the failure of peasants in the game, also the environmental foundation of later sets.The peasants' load, result of social division and cooperation of labor, is an objective historical phenomenon along side with the progress of the society. During the exchange of output from labor among peasants and other components of society the government functions as a dispatcher, a role inalienable to the development. Under the restrain of the present social order the government conduct gradually drifts off and even twists, so that the local government in its evolution becomes the organ of dictatorship not of service provider. The alienation of government conduct is not only deviation of government from society but also that of society from the peasantry. Thus the game is deformed.The solvent of the problem lies in innovation of policies, betterment of regulations (whether coercive or inducing) and the inspiring system for lightening the load. The reform of the government, too, is crucial. Economical development is prerequisite and insurance. In view of our agriculture as a fragile industry and our peasantry all the more frail being, it is also necessary to build safety valve system and to cultivate peasants with modern level of competence.It is a long process to lighten the peasants' load so we have to pre...