Comment On The Improvement Of The Si Shu From Later Qing Dynasty To The Earlier Period Of The Republic Of China

Si Shu, the traditional form of education, which was very important for breeding the talent that attached much value to self-education and governing the common people during long feudalistic society was behind the time and faced with reform under the pressure of social change during the period from later Qing Dynasty to the earlier time of the Republic of China. At the same time, Xue Tang of which the quantity and quality could not answer for the needs needed Si Shu, the traditional form of education, to be its supplementary, so, the reform of Si Shu came into being.The gentry in Jiang Su, Zhe Jiang and Shang Hai began the reform and then put it ahead in other places of coastal region. The department on education also began to talk about the reform of Si Shu in Bei Jing and then put it into execution quickly for the effect of the reform on Si Shu in coastal region encouraged them. The reform on Si Shu in Bei Jing lift the curtain on the movement in all the country and the movement came to climax at that time.The reform on Si Shu could be divided into four stages that were investigation and persuasiveness, holding workshop, training the teachers of Si Shu and checking the effect, which interfaced with each other. The reform on Si Shu made little achievement for the limits of the social environment, the resist of the teachers of Si Shu, the shortage of funds and the adaptability of Si Shu, at last, this led to dualistic structure in elementary education system of which Xue Tang and Si Shu stayed side by side from later Qing Dynasty to the earlier period of the Republic of China.The distinction of Si Shu in different regions and between the village and city as well as its large percentage of quantity were obvious features in the dualistic structure, in addition, because of the adaptability of Si Shu and the immaturity of new school, there existed between the two conflict, and complementarity and inheritance as well. It reflected to a large extent the features of China' s education modernization, and indirectly the social environment of the period of Xin Hai Revolution. The dualistic structure existed throng the modern time and it went to its end in early time of the People ' Republic of China under the force of the new government.