The Research Of Tidianxingyusi In Song Dynasty

Tidianxingyusi division is the highest level of road first song judicial and supervisory institution. Tidianxingyusi division initially limited the main power set of Zhuanyunshi, after social development, Tidianxingyusi gradually formed a complete set of system. A court in local inspection agency, documented, timely amounted to ask punishment for illegal officials who, rectifying, understanding, dredge with local government, local conflicts with ease, strengthen centralized despotism rule has played an important role. Previous research mainly concentrated in some local judicial administrative penalty prison department, the other aspects of function and the function of the outside studies relatively less, this paper carries on the comprehensive analysis and explain in detail, not only the point penalty system of department of origin, development process and composition,but also from prison to monitor, from taxation to ZhiQian, sealing pile, from recruiters to inspectors army soldiers,from the water conservancy to save the disaster relief, reflects the way into another company is division, mutual supervision, with functions enlarge gradually, take an examination of course supervision will becomes central control as an important measure of the place, both system Settings and specific implementation are very strict. In addition, this system was later Ming,Qing dynasty inherited, the judges company system is by Tidianxingyusi,but both in class and status and functions are different, this paper compare the difference in detail, and analyzes the difference of the subjective and objective reasons,hoped through study of judicial institution, ancient and operation mode of the government by law society today can provide a meaningful reference.This paper is divided into five parts:I The origin of Tidianxingyusi.It stemed from the Tang Dynasty earlier period to present some ambassador's partial functions, and had the function not fixedly, the temporary dispatch characteristic, the Song Dynasty in throughout the land established the road first-level watch-dog agency, as the central committee the highest supervisory area which delimited in the place. It was the road first-level highest judicature senior official and authority which causes for the split up Zhuanyushi, strengthened important deployment which the control adopts to the place. It mainly limited the authority which the Zhuanyunshi caused to establish at first, after Song Dynasty social development, the authority formed set of complete systems gradually in establishment and fuction. Eliminated the place punishment, Tidianxingyusi also concurrently managed group wealth, the rivers and creeks, the agricultural politics, the public security,the weapons,within the job duty expanded unceasingly.II The establishment of Tidianxingyusi. The road of Song Dynasty did not have the highest organization and highest senior official, but establishes a branch the parallel organization which did not preside mutually,namely Zhuanyunsi, Tidianxingyusi, Tijuchangpingsi, Anfushisi, these four organizations have the division of labor respectively, gathers calls "four departments", This part carries on separately introduced four departments that constituted the road organization system. Its establishment (991) started from Chunhua two years, this was the start to manage the punishment prison as the special official, afterward several times put aside as useless, finally it got down fixedly in Xining two years (1069).Tidianxingyusi was composed of Tidianxingyu,Envoy, Examines judge, Clerk and Government official person. Because Tidianxingyusi was a decision important checkpoint, whether did they fulfill duty, concerned the common people whether to obtain the fair decision, the unjust charge whether obtained the exoneration. Therefore the Song dynasty takes seriously to raise the official who administers punishments very much the candidate, is very strict to its assignment qualifications request. Hemendihou was qualification, and had make the experience of Zhizhou and Tongpan even the political fiberre. It appointed the way to have three kinds, but also had stipulated explicitly which people can't hold the post. In addition, this paper introduced simply puts forward Subordinate official's assignment condition. This system's establishment to the central committee and the local administration layout's influence is profound, Tidianxingyusi, the central Supervision department and other three department's relations are very close, to be coordinated the good central committee and the place subordination, the jurisdiction and the surveillance relates,Tidianxingyusi governed distinctly with subordinate,carried on the surveillance in the central committee by Yushitai, suppressed its power and influence in the place through other three department's decentralization surveillance to inflate, even subordinate may impeach to it,just this kind of omni-directional supervisory system caused to propose Tidianxingyusi system's implementation to have the positive role.â…¢The fuction of Tidianxingyusi. This is the most detailed part in this article. When Tidianxingyusi set up, its authority was only examine and judge the punishment prison, the impeach illegal government official, along with the Song Dynasty social politics, the economic development, its within the job duty expanded gradually, from only has judicial, the supervisory authority organization to develop to this group judicature, the finance, the civil administration and so on nearly all domain business has the supervision responsibility heavy helm level organization, this part raises Tidianxingyusi's authority to divide into ten categories, elaborates separately. Tidianxingyusi numerous functions made the human to ponder reason, this part analyzed three aspect reasons namely to strengthen the centralization, contained the place influence many inflation, the adaptation socio-economic development obliging should the political dynamic change, Although its authority involves a group each domain, but simultaneously a group other department also had stepped to these authorities.Tidianxingyusi participated in a group authority together with other department, both divides the work and cooperates, although they resided in the dominant position in some or a certain business, but did not have the absolute authority, often also had other department to concurrently manage, formed the subordination in the authority division, not to have overlapping, the primary and secondary distinct characteristic mutually, because front the second part already introduced Tidianxingyusi and other department observed mutually, this part introduced with Tidianxingyusi and other jail department's division of labor, overlapping and the cooperation.IVThe examination of Tidianxingyusi. One of Tidianxingyusi's main functions was to supervise the place government official, therefore the examination of Tidianxingyusi was especially important, Song Dynasty's rule also taked seriously. Each time inspection's standard was different, such as seven matters tested the department,15 matters tested the department, latter seted Mokan. In order to prevent not solid or unfair, the Song Dynasty also had forbidden to a disobeys the laws and regulations, also drew up some special measures to prevent Tixingsi who administered punishments to practice graft while holding public office, to be derelict, like evade law and so on. Although examination system had its originality, simultaneously it also existed some obviously insufficient, this part propose its three aspect flaw.â…¤The status and influence of Tidianxingyusi. Tidianxingyusi is the important component of department organization in Song dynasty, to afterward the Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty has had the varying degree influence, particularly the Ming Dynasty, Tixinganchashisi is precisely by Tidianxingyusi. But they are also has some difference, this part from the function, examination, status to analyze both similar and the different aspect, from this obtains finally has this kind of difference objective cause to include:The system tends to be mature, the division of labor is more explicit, Dufu establishment and inspector influence inflation and subjective reason:Ruling circles's dissoluteness.