| The 21st century is the era of the ocean. On the background of this era, various countries all of the world compete to the interests brought by the sea intensely, thus the sea exploitation is becoming a focal point in the international society. China has 3,000,000 square kilometers sea territory and broad international waters. Consequently, the level of the exploitation of the sea directly relates to promoting the speed and the quality of our country's economic development, also relates to the prosperity of China. Under this essentiality, formulating the correct maritime strategy becomes an urgent task lying before us. The full thesis is divided into three parts: the introduction, the body and the conclusion. Its main elements are as follows:Introduction is mainly on the purpose, meaning and the status quo of related issues and methods.The first part of the body analyses the importance of constructing Chinese maritime strategy from four aspects: the relationship of the sea and national security, the relationship of the sea and national development, the relationship of the sea and national rights and interests. As the becoming of the 21st century, ocean becomes the second space to mankind's survival and development as the terrestrial resources is gradually depleting, the living space of human being increasingly cramping, and the pollution worsening. Counting on this, the world shifts its attention to the ocean, So, we can foretell that the one winning in the sea exploration is the one seizing the initiative in the economic competitiveness in the future.The second part of the body focuses on the challenges and opportunities for China's maritime strategy in the 21st century. The thesis reveals the necessity and possibility of China's maritime strategy construction in the 21st century. Since "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" became effective in 1994, Coastal countries such as the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries have formulated and adjusted their maritime strategy and strive to gain the initiative in the development of the sea for the sake of political, economic, military favorable conditions and strategic position. Especially as the end of the Cold War, But on the contrary, China does not get full development on the formulation of its maritime strategy, for example, the weakness of the marine awareness, incompleteness of marine strategic theory and the weakness of maritime military forces. At the same time, other problems arising are still coming into press on China:Chinese marine economy in the gross domestic production is small.Maritime legislation and law enforcement needs to be strengthened.The reunification of the motherland needs the maritime safety.All these problems go against to China's national defense. Thus, formulating the correct maritime strategy becomes an urgent task before us.On the other hand, at present, as strengthening of inter-state economic relations, it is the inevitable choice that countries settle their maritime disputes peacefully under the framework of the "United Nations Convention on the Law". At the same time, more forceful conditions become as the incensement of China's maritime awareness, the progress of making the ships and industrial and excellent geographical environment. Thus, we can say that the time for formulating and adjusting the Chinese national maritime strategy becomes mature.The third part analyses the theoretical basis for the maritime strategy: the grand strategy today guiding the development of China, historical maritime strategic thinking and foreign classical theory of maritime strategy. All these provide theoretical guidance and reference for China in the 21st century. From this aspect, this part is important to the thesis.The fourth part proposes the basic framework for China's maritime strategy in the 21st century. China's national maritime strategy is taking the active participation as the model of its peaceful development. This model is aiming at ensuring the maritime territorial sovereignty, constructing a benign maritime environment, expanding the space of marine interests and building a favorable order of the ocean. Meanwhile, this model is principled by safeguarding the interests of the ocean, enhancing the marine strength, paying attention to checks and balances and settling maritime disputes gradually. This model takes maritime politics, marine economics, maritime culture, and maritime military and maritime ecology as its content. Also, this model takes the follows as means: enhancing the comprehensive national strength, making full use of the international system, strengthening domestic and international strategic coordination and adjusting inter-state relations. We should consider national Oceanic interests comprehensively to realize the transition for China from the "maritime power" to "marine power".The conclusion of the body points out that it is the international developing trend that speeding up the study of the maritime strategy which is also the objective to deal with marine-related issues and the dispute. As a maritime power, China has necessities to play a leading role, to study and explore the new situation and new problems, to establish a complete set of strategic thinking and theories as soon as possible, to safeguard national interests and national maritime safety, achieve strategic development in marine areas, and realize the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation. |
