| French Communist Party (PCF) is a big party in Communist Party of various countries of Europe, which explores theory and policy of the socialist road, have very old model and representativeness in Europe, no matter its successful experience, or failed lesson, move to world socialism, especially the socialist sport of Europe has major impact. .Exploring the PCF's socialist theory and policy, has importance and realistic meaning .This paper try to sum up the PCF's experience and lessons of exploring the road to socialism ,and discuss some new problem that the PCF's fighting for socialism ,by the study on the PCF's theoretical development since the Cold War . This paper divides three parts altogetherFirst part, Have explained the development courses and theory achievements altogether of the PCF of Cold War period. Before middle period of the seventies of the 20th century, the PCF has not formed more systematic theoretical system yet altogether, the exploration of the socialist road is only preliminary and slow: Put forward new view to peaceful transition and proletarian dictatorship, begin attitude toward Socialist Party of changing, seeking the cooperation with Socialist Party, the attitude toward European integration is transfering to criticism chosen. These views have established the foundation for the socialist theory of France's color. Whether socialist theory of France's color, take shape in the middle period of the seventies of the 20th century, its main content had. Maintain that realizes socialism through the peaceful road, give up the proletarian dictatorship, implement parliament's democratic system; Maintain that the union taking the left wing coalition as most people on foundation is set up; Replace traditional Marxism- Leninism with " scientific socialism " on the guidelines. Socialist theory of France's color push first new competence to the PCF for socialist exploration, established the foundation for New Communism too at the same time.Second part, Have explained the winding development path of the PCF and new theory in Cold War era. Soviet Union and Eastern Europe impact of drastic change make the PCF appear a serious one ideologically confused and has different views altogether, Party member number reduce greatly, various kinds of elect supporting rate of spiral too. For surviving and better development struggle, the PCF has carried on difficult exploration altogether, formed the new theory in 1994 at last -- New Communism, and confirm it as the guidelines of new period altogether of the PCF. The contents of New Communism include: The PCF negate the Soviet Mode and express the PCF will stick to communism. Give up socialist transition stage theory. Criticize the capitalism and stand for "to transcend capitalism". Maintain that transform the law and give up democratic centralism principle. Maintain that establish "new league of advanced power".Third part .The paper evaluates the theories and policies. Firstly, expounds the reason why the PCF has declined since the eighties of the 20th century altogether. At first, objective cause lie in Soviet Union socialist influence of mode, and Soviet Union and Eastern Europe drastic change emerge with new developing sport cause the PCF great to bludgeon into. Author think basic reason that PCF decline altogether is the PCF's thought lag behind seriously, and guiding principle policy is divorce from reality, facing the new change of capitalism, and the PCF has reduced the appeal to people altogether of France; Secondly, social class structure change, traditional the working class wither day by day, the intermediate strata becomes the main body of the society, but the PCF still defends tenaciously the traditional industrial worker's circle altogether, regard the intermediate strata as dissident's strength, the result results in relying on strength to reduce constantly. Third, in struggle for the cooperation with Socialist Party, have not emphasized the independent character of the PCF cause people to produce the nature of the PCF...
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