| The paper includes five sections:The first section: introduction, which brings forward the questions. State-owned commercial bank (SOCB), which is the core of China's banking, is also the core of China's financial industry. As the absolute main force and main body of financial system, the four SOCBs play very important part in our economic development. Entry into WTO has made China nailed down the timetable of the opening of our banking, thus, how to quicken the reform of SOCB in an opening circumstance to adapt to internationalization, is a problem needs to be solved urgently. In more than 10 years, the reform has been taken are around the change of SOCB' management mechanism, none of them has in deed touched the system which is more significant, more difficult and more deep-seated. The four SOCBs still have high proportion of bad assets, low capital abundance rate, mediocre management achievement as well as serious monopoly and low international competition force, therefore, it is necessary for China's banking to renewedly analyzed its operation mode, establish clear strategic plan of development, increase its operation ability so as to contend in the new round of competition circumstanceThe second section: a summarize of the total circs of our banking and the problems that our SOCBs are confronted with. Among all the financial institutions of the banking, the four SOCBs have been playing important part in promoting economic development and maintaining social stability. The four SOCBs occupy 55 percent of total banking assets, 80 percent of main SOEs' loan and 70 percent of stated-owned basilic constructing loan.However, because of the transformation of economy system and the adjustment of economy structure, as well as the limitation exists in the areas such as SOCB' management structure and inside control mechanism, China's banking has accumulated a certain degree of risk. With the rapid development of China' economy and the support of the government, along with the own effort of banking and the enhancement of regulation, the risks are reducing.These years, our banking, especially the four SOCBs have been adopting measures to enhance management and advancing various reforms, which have gained a certain effect. But there are still series of problems that exist in the process of our SOCB's transformation such as low capital abundance rate, over scale of management, low payoff level and drop of asset quality.The third part: the economic analysis of problems exists in the SOCB. Start with the character of SOCB; it analyzes respectively the property right of SOCB and the formation mechanism of the SOCB's bad loan.Like the common enterprise, commercial bank aims at profit. It has its own capital to do the operation legally and assume sole responsibility for its profits or losses. It aims at profit maximization and responds to external with all its corporation property. But unlike the common enterprise, commercial bank is a special enterprise that has different operation object. Common enterprise deal in commodity with use value, and deal with the currency of the commodity; But what the commercial bank deals in is a special commodity-currency. Therefore, commercial bank is a special enterprise--which is different from the common enterprises--finance enterprise.Commercial bank is characterized with management, socialization and service; it is a special "commercial enterprise", "macro-enterprise" and "public enterprise". The character of "special commercial enterprise" decides the commercial bank to keep a certain scale and take "benefit, security, liquidity" as its management principle.Compared to common enterprise, the risk of commercial bank has the characters of whole process, uncertainty, levity and the burst out of risk losing.The property right analysis on the SOCB is based on the theory of modern institutional economics. As an organization form, enterprise is essentially a property right dealing mode or an arrangement of contract. Different arrangement of property right...
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