| China is a peasant state in essence. It is a result of modernization that the villager autonomy system appears and advances in China. At the same time, it is an embodiment of achievement that roots in the interactional relation between state power and country society.In our history, Chinese village administration system went through Xiang-Li system and Xiang-Ting system, which were their features respectively. In northern Song dynasty, the implementation of Bao-Jia system meant an attempt of state power to influence country. The thought of local self-government influenced the political structure again at the end of Qing dynasty and at the beginning of Republic of China, and the village administration system was affected deeply. The village administration system in Shanxi province gave a good example to other provinces then. But JIANG JIE-shi government pushed the Bao-Jia system again afterwards to cope with the struggle of CCP. When new China was set up, CCP strengthened the country control in order to deal with the pressure of modernization and state stability. In 1958, the establishment of people community system showed the absolute control on country.However, the principle and practice of democracy has never been ceased its step. Particularly since 1978, along with the step of the reform of economy system, the economic democratization of peasants has meant their political independence probably. One of main reasons is that state power is confronted with the threat to the legitimacy in country, which include strain relation between cadre and people, weak political organizations, absence of basic establishment, and so on. They pound at the country order. To protect them from those factors, peasants had to organize themagain and the villager committee came into existence. Facing the new thing, the state power, based on the advisement of democracy and economy, accepted it legislatively at last.But, the villager autonomy system is destined not to go with a wing. Although state power tries its best to ensure its normal practice legislatively, nationalistic lawmaking idea makes the villager autonomy system look out on the operational morass. As a core of the villager autonomy system, the election of villager committee ensures the realization of villager's election right in the course of its operation. But many factors, such as the degree of organizational mobilization, the sense of political success, the sense of political obligation, etc, affect deeply the voting. Especially in today's circumstances, the election of villager committee only account for the form of democracy. There are still many problems in other ways, which mostly embody the interactional relations between the power branches in the movement of villager autonomy. It is a focus that there is conflict between the state power and the villager committee thereinto. Owing to its special functions and those broad possessions of power, the country government holds a dominant station in the country administration, which means bilateral role unbalance of the villager committee realistically. At the same time, the relation between the villager committee and the country party branch also is in face of difficult problem, whose resolvent is to set up a villager representative conference system. In the villager autonomy system, peasants are the main body in word and deed. Now they are very eager for political participation. But many detrimental factors, which are sense of household, weak sense of political role and denominational behavior, etc, hinder the villager autonomy.Of course, villager autonomy system is a great progress in the civil polity in all senses. It is paid attention to internationally and is regarded as a basic symbol of*Chinese democratization. But there are much incredulity and reprobation, whose focus is suspicious of villagers' ability to democratize. But Douglas North's path dependence theory gives those thoughts an expositive pattern. Based on that theory, as an original system choice, the villager autonomy determines... |
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