The Study Of Material Culture And The Related Problems In The Early Stage Of Qin

In recent years, archaeological works about the early stage of the Qin Culture, especially the bronzes of the early stage of Qin which were dug from burials and found in cellars, provide a lot of physical information about the early stage of the Qin Culture, so that we have to re-examine the early stage of the Qin Culture, in particular the material culture. In the early stage of Qin the copper craft of the bronze industry was exquisite, and the manufacture was excellent which continued to be recognized by scholars by time flying. But the evaluation about the level of the bronze industry is still different, and there are few articles to study the distinctive between bronzes in the early stage of Qin and bronzes of the other Princes in the same age. So in my article I have mainly studied the distinctive by horizontal comparison between bronzes in the early stage of Qin and bronzes of the other Princes, and comparison between bronzes of the early stage of Qin and bronzes of the later of Qin. And I have studied the development of agriculture and animal husbandry that was the basis of the industry in the early stage of the Qin, and analyzed the causes of the development. At the same time I have showed the performance and feature of the spiritual culture developing on the basis of the material culture development.In my article in horizontal comparison between bronzes in the early stage of Qin and bronzes of the other Princes, I used the body size, the decoration and modification, the modeling as the standard. By comparing, the bronzes in the early stage of Qin were developed, and at least the level did not lag behind the level of the Princes in the edge of the country such as Rui, Huang. But relative to Jin and other major Princes, there was a gap. The causes were the later establishment of Qin, the small scope, many wars and a litter proportion of ritual in bronze using. Fortunately Li county had a long history of bronze industry, and the great age of establishment of Qin greatly promoted the development of the bronze industry, so the bronze industry in the early stage of Qin was more developed and reflected the handicraft industry development. Quantities of gold sequins from archeological excavation, confirmed the level of gold industry in the early stage of Qin, and from another perspective, also reflected the handicraft industry development.The handicraft industry development depended on the development of basic industries. There was little agricultural information about literatures, so it led to knowing about the agriculture in the early stage of Qin not enough for long. Now by archeological excavation, agricultural production tools positively reflected the situation of agricultural development, and wars, music and livestock in literatures, musical instruments unearthed, construction sites and bones of livestock excavated, and wine, etc, indirectly reflected the situation of agricultural development. Direct and indirect materials revealed that Qin in its early stage had sufficient labor, advanced agricultural technology and agricultural production tools, so the agriculture situation of the early stage of Qin was abundance. Because of favorable natural environment and a long tradition of animal husbandry, animal husbandry industry had advantages in the early stage of Qin and outstanding performance.Surely, the development of the material culture in the early stage of Qin closely linked with the moisture of the early stage of the Qin Culture. The early stage of the Qin Culture was based on Oriental Culture to absorb the favorable factors of Zhou Culture and Xi Rong Culture, and fully developed their own culture of self-protection and self-improvement features, forming a broad but unique compatibility with the new regional Central Plains Culture. On the basis of the material culture in the early stage of Qin, the early stage of the Qin Culture was further developed, showing the spirit culture in the early stage of Qin. In the spirit culture in the early stage of Qin, the spirit of the perseverance, tolerance and absorption of foreign cultures were well represented in Burial Culture and Confucian Ritual Culture. In the early stage of Qin the material culture provided a guarantee for the development of the spirit culture, and the spirit culture promoted the development of the material culture.