The Study On The Problems Of "Zěnmezhe/zěnmezhāo"

Based on the results done by the former researchers and according to the grammatical frame of"three levels",we studied the"zenmezhe/ zěnmezhāo"in a comprehensive way.In our thesis, we analyzed the function of"zěnmezhe/ zěnmezhāo", according to the concept"situation or state of affairs","manners"and"reasons"that were put forword by Guo Jimao.The"situation or state of affairs"has another three branch concepts that are"states","process"and"achievements".Firstly,"zěnmezhāo"has the function of describing the"states"of affairs .Which could mean"get a good result"in a positive situation or"get a bad result"in a negative situation. And different detail meanings were revealed according to the quality of the affair .Secondly,"zěnmezhe"has a deep relationship with the"process":Expressing"inquire"while acting so together with another verb that form a"dong-bin"structure ;Expressing"inquire"while acting independently as a predicate; Expressing a meaning as a counter-question .In those three aspects ,we studied the meaning and the special tones of them .Thirdly, we studied how"zěnmezhele"inquires"achievements"when it acts as a predicate. Except that we display the differences among"zěnmezhele","zěnmele"and"zěnmeyàngle"when they are used to express questions."Zěnmezhe"are also used to express"manners"and"reasons", which also have been discussed ."Zěnmezhe"has mainly four function of refrence: non-Specific refrence, empty refrence, so and so reference, respective reference ,and example reference.Based on that result, we talked about how"zěnmezhe"pronounciats when it is used for different functions.According to the analysis,we talked about the question of how"zenmezhe"chose the tones in sentences. It's style adverb and the characters in different times are also discussed in this section."Zěnmezhe"has four function in the pragmatics field. Firstly, it works as discourse markers . Secondly it works in the discourse . Thirdly It works for threating the face."Zěnmezhe"has two function when used as discourse markers. Firstly, it is used for organizing the passage. Secondly , it has the function of interaction. When it acts for organizing the passage,"zěnmezhe"could initial a "talker"or a new topic .When"zěnmezhe"acts as the function of interaction, it can attract the listener's attention ,and keep their interesting in the topic. When"zěnmezhe"is used in the discourse .it could link the dialogue.Besides,it could also reveal the context, guess the implication and also reveal it. At last ,"zěnmezhe"is used for threating the face ,to express the tones of to blament,dissatisfaction or sarcasm.Since we have talked about a lot of the differences between"zěnmezhe"and"zěnmeyàng", we put the comparison of them in a form at the end of this thesis.