On Marx's Theory Of Practical Humanology

First of all, this thesis combed the foundation of modern Western Humanology through Hume's moral humanism to Kant's man-centered philosophy, to Hegel's absolute spirit. It is obvious that ontology has its core state, meanwhile, there is also troubles which can not be easily erased. Feuerbach seems to define the man with integrity, treat man as the existence of human, which also has its limitations. In this context, Marx put forward his theory of practical Humanology, with the concept of" man of reality" and tried to find the ways to achieve the goal of real man's comprehensive development, while the only way to achieve is practice."Human" and "practice" are the two mainstays of Marx's practical Humanology. This thesis is trying to built up Marx's ontology,based on the analyzing the concept of "human", and to understand the possibilities of Marx's "all-round development" to work out through analyzing the conception of "practice", which makes people live in a specific, realistic, historical society. People has real contact with nature, others, and society through specific practices. Practice makes the ontology meaningful.This thesis attempts to go back to Marx and show the real essence of Marx's Humanology through analyzing the modern Western philosophy about human and Marx's theory of Humanology.Thesis is divided into three parts.Chapterâ… -The theoretical sources of Marx's theory of Humanology. First section of this chapter focuses on the basis of modern Western Humanology, by analyzing Hume, Kant, Hegel's different ontological perspectives to reveal their abstract aspects. Sectionâ…¡of this chapter introduces Feuerbach's Humanology. Feuerbach tried to give people the integrity and define people as human own kind's essence which based on the materialistic conception. He attempts to explain human existence, human life and human nature with human own kind's essence, also uses this concept as the weapon to criticize the Hegel's philosophy.However, Marx went on beyond him as its limitations.Chapterâ…¡-Establishment and development of Marx's theory of practical Humanology. Sectionâ… focuses on the formation of the "man of reality" theory. Sectionâ…¡discusses the "all-round development of human" theory, human liberation and comprehensive development are the ultimate goals of Marx's Humanology. The development of human contains three levels, people's ability to work, people's social relationship and personality development. Sectionâ…¢summarizes the two pillars of Marx's Humanology that people and practice. People are the inner pillar of the unity of individual and class; practice is the external pillar that has been used as fundamental method by Marx to understand people. This chapter is a key part of this thesis.Chapterâ…¢-Western existentialism Thoughts on Marx's theory of Humanology. The first section mainly compares Sartre's theory of nature of people to Marx's. They have something in common, also have something different. They both think that people's essences are specific and not born with.They also recognize creativity is the essential attribute of man different from animals. However, they choose the different path to find people's nature. Marx stressed that human can not develop without society, while Sartre preferred to people's absolute freedom; Marxist emphasis on the creation of social, Sartre focuses on the creation of subjectivity. Sectionâ…¡discusses three aspects of the thinking of Heidegger's and Marx's collision. First, the difference between "explain the world" and "change the world"; second, the priority between "human" and "existence"; third, the nature of people. The two thinkers give the different explanations about the nature of people based on different perspectives, one is existentialism,the other is materialism.