The Thought Of National Defense And Practice In The Hundred Days Reform

National defense, is to safeguard national unity,sovereignty, integrity and security, and preparedness of foreign aggression and subversion, carried out by the military and military-related political,economic,cultural,diplomatic and other activities. There were a number of studies on the Hundred Days Reform ,but many of them were concentrated in the thing of the political,economic,and cultural,but the study of the national defense was less. Even if there were any occasional involvement , but don't let the national defense things of the Hundred Days as a whole new era of national defense research and discussion.The first section describes the background of the national defense thinking in the Hundred Days Reform. Since the China-Japanese War, The Qing dynasty declined in the recent years .By the practical needs of strong national defense forces, many people have gradually changed their ideas and passed on the defense concept of the past years.The second section describes the main elements of national defense thinking. First, it's mainly about reducing the number of soldiers and training them and follow the Western practice; Second, in the border, based on the serious crisis of the border defense , reformers proposed migrate people to the borderlands; Third, in the sea protection concepts , along with the bankruptcy of the Westernization Movement, the sea protection was severely weakened, the ruling and opposition parties continue to put there ideas ,such as strength the navy,buy warships,armed with advanced weapons ,and so on; Four, along with the late Qing Dynasty financial constraints, defense investment is limited, reformers seek to accelerate the building of railways and postal, protection and incentives business, development the military industry, all of this in order to increase the economic bases and facilities, to provide financial support for the national defense. After the Opium War, China was forced to open the door a step by step, had to diplomatic relations with the West , during the Hundred Days , the Qing Dynasty is still adhere to the diplomatic thinking of "barbarians to control barbarians". The national defense thinking of hundred Days Reform is the further development of the early reformers thought, which conformed to the trend of the times, the motivation is good. However, the thinking in practice is short.Part III focuses on the national defense thinking of Hundred Days Reform in practice, mainly from the reducing the number of soldiers, military training, border, the sea protection, examination, commerce, agriculture, mining, military industry and other aspects of the practice ,from which we can comprehensive and correct understanding of their practice effect.Partâ…£is a simple evaluation about the main ideas of the national defense in this period. Through the study of the paper, further evidence the national defense thinking's important position and role in the modern history . Hundred Days Reform, the time of which is short, the results of which is less obvious, but it trying to save the nation from peril, conformed to the trend of the times ,which were a great attempt at the bourgeois reformists. The defense thinking of this period, breaked the traditional idea of national defense and put forward some new defense concept, as a violent shocks to the old ideology's national defense. By studying the defense thinking, we can make the right national defense idea.This paper used the most basic historical research, the most important methods, namely, based on the full collection and use of the existing historical documents and data, used the traditional methods of analysis about history, and strive to reflect the true face of the Hundred Days reform.