Choosing Among Benefit,Idea And Balance

In 1947, India finally get rid of British colonial rule and won independence statehood. But the turbulent situation of the Cold War discouraged India. In order to obtain the freedom required for its national economic development, weak India chose non-alignment as the basic principle of its foreign policy, which in the West was also known as neutralism. Similarly, many other countries, which had a similar encounter with India and for similar motives with India, also played the banner of the non-alignment. This led to the rise in international community of the Non-Aligned Movement. Facing the growing influence of the Non-Aligned Movement, the policy of the United States experienced a loss and hesitation, until Kennedy administration recognized that as long as the non-aligned countries willing to maintain real independence, it is on the line with U.S. interests. This change of understanding exercised a profound influence on American Indian policy-making and implementation.This paper utilizes both the history and the international relations theory, and tries to investigate the change process of United States' awareness and policies regard to non-alignment from Truman administration to Kennedy administration. The paper also wants to probe how the above change process influenced the United States India policy.The full text is divided into four parts:The first chapter outlined the reason why India chose non-alignment as its basic foreign policy as long as the meaning and practice of the policy. The second chapter elaborates non-alignment and the Truman administration's policy toward India. The Truman administration did not believe in the non-alignment, he thought that it was just a prelude to the communist control. As for India, Truman never taken seriously, because it is something of the Commonwealth, let alone the entire South Asia was excluded from the outside of the U.S. strategic focus. The third chapter is about non-alignment and the Eisenhower administration's policy toward India. The Chinese revolution, the Korean War, made the United States feel the seriousness of the problem in Asia. Then Eisenhower administration identified the Chinese government as its primary enemy in Asia. Out of consideration to contain China, along the new understanding of the forces of Asian nationalism, Eisenhower started to adjust U.S. intransigence on the issue of non-aligned and India has finally entered the United States government policy agenda. In the later period of Eisenhower administration, India has been seen as model of backward countries to achieve economic prosperity through democratic model. The fourth chapter focuses on non-alignment and the Kennedy administration's policy toward India. Up John F. Kennedy took office, the Third World has become the main battlefield of the Cold War. The U.S. government has finally recognized that the non-aligned countries pursued the non-aligned policy just for the sake of realization its national interests, and whether or not they allied with the United States is only a question of tactics, not about friendship and morality. With the breakthrough of the understanding on the issue of non-alignment, the U.S. policy on India achieved major shift and India became the focus of U.S. foreign aid.