The Policy Of United States In The Independent Process Of India 1941.12-1947.8

In this thesis, a more detailed Chinese and foreign file information was used to comb and analyze the evolution of policy of the United States'toward India from 1939 to 1947 from a macro point of view. Before World Warâ…¡, India was a long-term colony of the British Empire, and the commercial and cultural exchanges between the United States and India were weak. After the outbreak of World Warâ…¡, the India people began new struggles for the independence after the outbreak of World Warâ…¡. Under such historical background, the United States began to pay attention to India, the largest colony of the British Empire and sympathize with the struggle for self-determination of the Indian people. The outbreak of war in the Pacific greatly enhanced India's status in the mind of American. Because of the war and other reasons, the United States hopes the emergence of a unified and independent India. The deadlock existed between the British and the India impaired the efforts of the allies. In order to mobilize the rich human and economic resources of India to serve for the anti-fascist war, we must urge the British to make concessions and allow the independence of India. Thus, the U.S. intervened in South Asian affairs and applied pressure on the British to ask for the independence of India, which was refused by the British. as the improvement of the situation of the war, the United States worried about the discord between the British and India would destroy the United States-British cooperation in anti-fascist war. That was why United States stopped pressing the British, and the intervention of Indian Affairs was based on the premise that it would not influence the Anglo-American alliance. At the beginning the postwar, with it emphasis laid on the strategy on Europe and east Asia, the United States has no time giving consideration to The south Asia. Hence, it looked the south Asia as the Britain's sphere of influence and supported England's plan to establish a unified Indian federal. Furthermore, the cold war has end, American worried about that Balkanization of India would lead to the intervention of the Soviet Union. With no time to take the region of little interest into account, the United States thought the England can take the responsibility of the safety the region, and was unwilling to intervene and seldom meddle actively. When the plan for a Unified India federal went bankrupt, the United States had no choice but to accept the reality.The United States'attitude of Indian Affairs changed from the active support to the scale retraction then to re-retraction, which reflected the recoil of the traditional American anti-colonial thought in the aspect of Indian Affairs and limitation of the United States'support for the Indian Affairs from the superficial level. In a deep level, it reflected the policy of the United States towards India was not only constrained by international background of the World Warâ…¡and the Cold War, behind the United States'idealism foreign policy, a more immediate interests was existed, so national interests is the key to grasp the United States'foreign policy.The Pragmatism attitude that the United States held in this process directly affected the relation between post-independence India and Pakistan countries.