On Seeking The Losing Publicit

Milan Kundera ever said that the novels'task was exploring the possibilities of human existence, and then his characters just undertake this function. To explore people's different way of life in the mordern context and different self-identity, Kundera devided his characters into two types of people:the ignorant and the lonely people. The ignorant people has absolute self-identity and believe that their life can be immortal in the secular society, so their positive words and actions make them become the last revelers in the public domain. On the contrary, the lonely people's self-identity are broken and fragile. Because of the losing meaning of their exsitence, they choose to flee the public view and select the isolated idyllic way of life. But this way of life just is a utopian ideal which out of words and actions and shows the decline of publicit. So the lonely people can only to be die or become'one'part of the collective.Why the two kinds of characters have different self-identity and attitude is because that there are deep phychological and social roots. From the psychological point of view, the two kinds of characters jusr right to fit the spirit of Lacan's theory:the ignorant people are in the mirror stage. Their understanding of themselves and others is only'imaginary Sensation' which exist in imagined stage, so it is a wrong identity and a completely self-alienation. The lonely people are in the symbolic stage which higher than the imagined stage. They can recognize that self-nature is another one and the self isn't always in a state of unity but in divided and broken. From the social point of view, the development of capitalism cause the boundary's disappearance between the public and private spheres, this directly lead to the fall of the publicit. Besides, the birth of totalitarianism changed the meaning of politics which developed from public life in classical period to authoritarian rule in modern time. This changed the complex nature of human existence and changed the situation that everyone equally participats the public affairs. At the same time, the novels'world also showed the fall of the publicit which go hand in hand with history. If the world of Don Quixote is open and pluralistic, then Balzac's novels began to show the unitary nature of the world with detailed description, so we call Balzac's novels as'feast of eyes'. Since then, the words gradually withdrew from the stage of history, and up to the novels of Joyce and Kafka, speech and action disappeared completely. In this case, characters can only seek the meaning of existence from spiritual world which is also absurd and meaningless. And then in Kundera's novels, characters have been completely out of the public world and face to death.Only through the presence of others and interaction between people's speech and actions can we prove the authenticity of self and our world, so we are still looking forward to the publicit and Kundera's novel form just demonstrated our expectation. The author's sense of the carnival world make his novel structure full of diversity and polyphony. As the same as the world of novel form, real world should also be looking forward to the publicit, but not as Kundera's lonely people as that escape the publicit and fall into moral digestion. In view of this, we should advocate a civilized way of life of non-personality, then we can gain a double identity because of its different experience. Furthermore, human activity which we called' resurgence of repression'resists the decline of the publicit. Therefore, after dialectical analysis of Kundera's novel, we not only understand the fact that the publicit has been eliminated, but also reflect our deeply concern about the modern people's living conditions.