| Scholar morals refer to the common practice and general mood which are popular among the scholars. During Qianlong Period, the common practice and general mood of Qing scholars have greatly transmuted.This thesis explores several transmutation types of scholar morals during Qianlong Period, including extravagance, gay relationship, materialistic orientation, and seclusion.The transmutation of scholar morals are embodied as: dissipation and extravagance were common practice; keeping frivolous gay relationship with theatrical actors or boys became a fashion; instead of pursuing moral loftiness and uprightness as they used to, the scholars valued materialistic satisfaction; many scholars with official career experience took seclusion as the final choice of their lives.Many reasons lie behind the transmutation of scholar morals, of which the most important one is the rapid development of commodity economy during Qianlong Period.The transmutation of scholar morals has both negative and positive impact on the society.The transmutation of scholar morals has profoundly influenced the scholars'moral values in the late Qing Dynasty, especially on the transformation from the honesty and simplicity to vanity and hypocrisy. |
