The Research Of Qing Dynasty Religion Polices And Religion Legislations To The Mongolian Area

The Qing Dynasty is the last years feudalism dynasty in the Chinese history which establishes by the Nuzhen - Manchu nationality, it experienced 268 year historical development process from strong to weak .In the border area policy aspect, it widely and summarized all previous dynasties feudalism dynasty to govern the multinational country border area thoroughly the experience, in the consolidated unification, the effective government border area, each control system and the measure, has achieved the unprecedented magnificence. In border areas and so on Mongolia, sets up many kinds of managements structure, from the central committee to the place guards in the soldier, supposes the official to govern. In politics, follow the policy implements to Mongolia "divides and rules", "to construct many district, but minute its potential", the religious aspect, follow the policy "make popular the yellow lamaism, namely, therefore keep peaceful of Mongolia" religious policy. Props up Lamaism to comfort the Mongolian nationality vigorously, strengthens in the ideology domain to the Mongolian national minority area controls. The ruling class manages the country by religion and carries on the spiritual control to the populace ,it is the most effective tool. The Qing Dynasty ruler realized, if want to realizes the national stable, must maintain the Mongolian area stable; If guarantee that the Mongolian area stable, must use Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism' influence is huge in the Mongolian area, worship Tibetan Buddhism relates the Mongolian area enormously stable, use Tibetan Buddhism, may maintain the Mongolian area the long-term peace and good government. The Qing Dynasty ruler thought that use Tibetan Buddhism can realize to control the Mongolian society ,and it is the most effective measure. Kangxi said: "being popular of the Buddhism, it comes already the long time, causes the human to reform the remove evil, may not to forget also". Yongzheng also said: "because thinks of the ancient and modern to have Buddhism, encourages good behavior to punish the wicked especially, the providing relief enlightened people are a purpose. Biography of the yellow lamaism, therefore is the aim of the promoted Buddhistliterature.......Blazon yellow lamaism, the speaking classics, cause the barbarianBuddhist priests and laymen to honor the law to admire righteousness, the billions of years, forever will ascend territory of the Jenshou, assists helps the king, really has the benefit."Pine Jun governs Tibet to have a deeper opinion to this field of endeavor"West a Move of Chart Slightly" wrote in it: "the religious teaching, the kernel becomes the custom. Therefore kernel by severe it, therefore severe custom. Regardless of distant framework, had the institute respectively still. For example Wei Cangsu still yellow lamaism, but because it teaches to teach it, the enabling Buddhist priests and laymen settle. We may see from the above analysis, Qing Dynasty fully realized that use Tibetan Buddhism achieves maintains the Mongolian area peace of society and the importance of Strengthens the administration of this social control goal .no doubt that the Qing government implements the social control to the Mongolian and Tibetan area Important way, but Tibetan Buddhism also cannot neglect to social control's special effect. the Qing Dynasty ruler is quite deep to China feudal society tradition's series governing skill comprehension, the utilization is quite handy, uses Tibetan Buddhism vigorously, achieves the long-term peace of Mongolian and Tibetan area and good government in order to the social control goal. Therefore through the favor Tibetan Buddhism upper formation leader, the support Tibetan Buddhism's development, entrusts with Tibetan Buddhism temple group all sorts of privileges, strengthens to Tibetan Buddhism's management, establishes means and so on golden vase drawing of lots reincarnation system to manifest its political objective. The legislative aspect, the Qing Dynasty takes Lamaism to legislate specially, this in "the Mongolian Penal code", "the National Minorities Bureau Rule" and so on the legal literature manifests fully. "Mongolian Penal code Lama Example" to Lama's clothing, Lama Ban Di and the lamasery management and Lama the crime content has made specially the stipulation. Based on this "the National Minorities Bureau Rule" supposes "Lama specially the instance" five, Has formulated the Qing Dynasty to the Mongolian and Tibetan area Lamaism business management system. Established the Mongolian area living buddha to be reincarnated the system separately; Mongolian Lama post, given name, imperial decree system; Mongolian area Lama the fixed quantity, promotes, the grade system; Systems and other control system and so on land tax, clothes, identification. The formulation special "Lama the example" is a Qing Dynasty nationality legislation significant feature. Qing Dynasty Lama business holds the suitable proportion in the entire Mongolian area administration, therefore Is also subject to takes seriously. For example, sets up the sharpey yamen specially in the Khalkha area, manages the Lamaism business and so on. this article through to the Qing Dynasty regarding Mongolian area religious policy and evolution; Qing Dynasty to Mongolian area religious legislation system and content; The Qing Dynasty to Mongolian area's religious aspects and so on policy and religious legislation's success and failure and enlightenment carries on the system, objective statement and research, In order to provide more legal science to ponder govern the multinational countries to, causes the people by the time even more to treasure, the care of the political unification in modern times,and the excellent national united situation.