A Study As To The Social Mobilization And Social Control Of Baojia System In Jiangsu Province Before The Anti-Japanese War

The government of Jiangsu province began to set up Baojia system in 1934.During 1934 to 1937, the government of Jiangsu province had spared no cost to use the sysem to carry out four policies such as "preventing the bandits","anti-smoking and anti-drug""recruiting farmers to dredge rivers" and"forcing farmers to become literate",it wanted to change the Baojia system into Self-government organizations.However,the intention of the government of Jiangsu province was unable to realize.First,because of the official corruption, deductions and embezzlemet, policy-makers meanwhile became the policy-brokers, which led to the disintergration of the policy in the first level. Secondly, the officials of the Baojia system were often confronted with the pressure of government officials, military and police while they had to take their livelihoods into account. So they implemented the policies selectively.Besides, they also took part in the embezzlement and blackmail with the government officials, which resulted in the distortion of the policies in the second level. Finally, peole also responded to the policies diffifently in light of their status. On one hand,not only rich people could submit their letters or petitions to the government,but also they could resign their position in the government and assemble a crowd to beat the government officials. On the other hand,even people in lower classes were not at the mercy of state power.They took a series of passive reactions such as indifference,suicide,escape and working ineffiently to resist the control of the government. Thanks to those three factors, even in Jiangsu Province which was best embodiment of the power of the Kuomintang regime, the social mobilization and social control of Baojia system was also very low in the "golden decade". It can be said that the collapse of KMT regime is related to the fact that it cannot mobilize and controlthe rural society. Very low as a result of the KMT regime in the social mobilization and social control, neither it could mobilize most resources of the rural society to serve the country, nor policies that might benefit the nation could be implemented effectively,therefore its failure is inevitable.