A Study On Shandong Immigrants Of Northeast Of China In The Period Of Republic Of China

Migrants were the main part of the population of early-modern Northeast of China,and the majority of these migrants were the long-lasting flow of Shandong migrants which deeply and significantly influenced the process of modernization of early-modern Northeast of ChinaThis essay comprehensively studies the reasons for Shandong migrants to Northeast in the Period of Republic of China from the perspectives of politics,economies,culture and natural environment.In that time,natural and man-made disasters made the lives of Shandong residents lead a very difficult and they had no choice but to look for new habitats,that's the fundamental cause for them to leave their native land.On the other hand,the three provinces of Northeast of China had a vast area factors,small population,fertile field land and the demand for work force was very huge,all these made it comparatively easy for a life,and that's the main reason for accommodating migrants.Appealing from society,the encouragement from the government,and the help from public and private organizations formed a great driving force to migration.Shandong residents had a long history of "rushing to the Northeast" and the traditional concept of "staying home and hating leaving" was changed,these were the cultural-psychological causes of the migration.The convenience of sea transportation,the construction of railway and the formation of Northeast railway network provided some external conditions for the great migration.Based on summarizing the general situation of Shandong migration to Northeast in the Period of Republic of China,the essay analyses the features of the migrants.Around the 38 years of the Period of Republic of China,the average annual population of the migrants from Shandong to Northeast reached 100 thousand per year,forming a huge and long-lasting flow of migration.The population was huge,the scale was magnificent,the period was long,which made this migration unique in the migration history of the whole world.The migration from Shandong to Northeast of China experienced two ups and downs,and the process was full of hardships,also,the migration had a high return rate and mobility.It also had the features of young age-structure,heterogeneity in professions,and male-majored.From the perspective of regional distribution,the migration flow was concentrated.Migrants formed the main body of the early-modern population of Northeast China, affecting the early-modern society of Northeast of China deeply.Generally speaking, Shandong migrants made a tremendous contribution to the social development,economical prosperity and the border consolidation of Northeast.Especially,the migrants sped up the exploitation of land and the process of urbanization in Northeast of China,promoting the industry and commerce in Northeast,spreading the "Qilu" culture and pushing forward the new Northeast culture.Of course,the migration meantime raised some negative impacts,for example,it aggravated the sex ratio imbalance of Northeast.