A Tentative Study On "(?)" Structure In Modern Vietnamese

This thesis presents a study of the"(?)"structure, which is a typical structure in Vietnamese. It is a fact that"(?)"structure often change its'own meaning when we use it with other words. In addition, the word"(?)"is often used as verb,prepositions and particle, but people often take it as a prepositions. There are kinds of form about"(?)"structure, they are: (1) form of verb; (2) form of prepositions; (3) form of particle. Vietnamese students often make mistakes in these structures when they study Chinese. So discussing what"(?)"is will help Vietnamese students to learn Chinese better. This thesis linguistics datas are from vnexpress and which was published by information and culture publishing house.In the first part, through the research on the development of Vietnamese and a thorough study on the appearance of the character"(?)"and its development, the author confirms that"(?)"has already been used as a verb and a preposition in pre-Qin dynasty. Then, a comparison between Chinese and Vietnamese in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar has been made to see the relation between these two languages. Through comparison, the author finds that they belong to Sino-Tibetan language family. This finding undoubtedly provides us with bountiful references in the research on"(?)"structure. Finally, the author figures out part of speech of the character"(?)"according to the criteria of word classification.In the second part, the syntactic manifestations of"(?)"structure are presented as follows: general noun/ pronoun + verb +"(?)"+ noun of place; general noun 1 + verb +"(?)"+ general noun; noun/pronoun +"(?)"+ noun of place; noun/pronoun +"(?)"+ word or phrase of time. Through the description of the syntactic manifestations of"(?)"structure, the author points out the conditions of the use of the character"(?)".The third part: the comparison between"(?)"structure and Chinese sentence structure. Through the comparison between"(?)"structure and Chinese sentence structure, this part reaches a conclusion: beside serving for the verbal and prepositional function of"在","(?)"can also express other meanings beside"在". so they vary in sentence structure. Therefore, despite of the similarities between"(?)"structure and Chinese sentence structure, they belong to different language system and there are differences between them. To give a description and a comparative analysis to"(?)"structure will be of great help to Vietnamese students in their Chinese study.Part four discusses the influences of the"(?)"structure on Vietnamese students'learning Chinese. modern Vietnamese is a monosyllabic language of rich tones, also with a main grammatical means of empty word and word order, therefore it has a lot in common with the modern Chinese. However, they belongs to different language systems after all, so the Vietnamese students encounter much difficulties whether in characters, voice or grammar when they learn Chinese. This chapter discusses the positive and negative transferring influences of the"(?)"structure in Vietnamese on Vietnamese students'learning similar characters and sentences in modern Chinese.